Solid State Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials

电化学储能从未像今天这样重要。开发能够满足全球能源需求的可行的长期解决方案仍然是科学界面临的最关键挑战之一。c社区。在日益增长的能源成本和可持续性担忧中，国际上对能源储存的关注（见证了今年的诺贝尔奖）迅速升温。在我们的国家科学研究委员会发现资助研究过程中，我们取得了突破性的发现，改变了电化学家对能量储存的看法。我们在这一领域的初步工作发表在2009年的《自然材料》杂志上，并描述了开启锂硫电池领域的“第一”，从那以后，这个领域就呈指数级增长。此外，这一发现有助于为锂氧电池的突破指明道路，并与钠离子电化学一起成为“超越锂离子电池”的新方法的基础。在本提案中，我们的目标是进一步发展这些新技术，结合基础固态化学/离子学，电化学和材料科学，以实现阶梯式变化。突破所基于的概念的扩展将通过系统修改进行探索，以将Li-S化学带到更可持续的固态平台。在这里，我们计划对电化学有更深入的了解，并扩大我们方法的反应性和实用性的范围。这将与作为固态电解质的新型固态离子导体（ssic）的基本发现相结合。ssic的努力将成为全固态锂和钠离子电池的前沿事业的平台，其中实现高离子传导和控制界面是关键。我们的方法将创新的材料化学发现与复杂的operando技术相结合，以探测工作的电化学电池。新型Li和Na SSIC材料将使用我们重要的固态合成工具库，以及计算和物理化学研究来阐明控制离子迁移率的重要因素。这些离子导体将与新的正锂离子和钠离子电极材料相连接，这些材料将在项目过程中发现。通过这种方法，我们希望发现新的、更低成本的、环保的能源存储解决方案。这样的发展将直接影响基础科学，也会带来实用的创新。

Electrochemical energy storage has never been more important than today. The development of viable, long-term solutions that will meet global energy needs remains one of the most critical challenges facing the scienti?c community. Amid burgeoning energy costs and sustainability concerns, international focus on energy storage (witness the Nobel Prize this year) has rapidly gained momentum. During the course of our NSERC discovery grant research, we have made breakthrough discoveries that is changing the way electrochemists think about energy storage. Our initial work in this area was reported in Nature Materials, 2009 and described "a first" that kick-started the field of lithium-sulfur batteries, a field that has increased exponentially ever since. Moreover, this discovery helped point the way to a breakthrough in Li-oxygen batteries, and along with Na-ion electrochemistry has become the foundation for new approaches to "beyond Li-ion batteries". In this proposal we target the further development of these new technologies with a combination of fundamental solid state chemistry/ionics, electrochemistry and materials science necessary to bring about step-changes. Extension of the concepts upon which the breakthrough is based will be explored with system modifications for taking Li-S chemistry to a more sustainable solid state platform. Here we plan to both garner a deeper understanding of the electrochemistry as well as expand the range of reactivity and utility of our approach. This will be coupled with fundamental discovery of new solid state ion conductors (SSICs) to serve as solid state electrolytes. The efforts in SSICs will serve as the platform for a cutting-edge undertaking in all-solid state Li and Na-ion batteries, where achieving high ionic conduction and controlling interfaces are key. Our approach will weave innovative materials chemistry discovery with sophisticated operando techniques to probe working electrochemical cells. Novel Li and Na SSIC materials will be developed using our significant arsenal of solid state synthesis tools, along with computational and physico-chemical studies to elucidate the important factors that govern ion mobility. These ion conductors will be interfaced with new positive Li-ion and Na-ion electrode materials that will be discovered through the course of the project. With this approach, we hope to uncover fundamentally new yet lower cost, environmentally friendly energy storage solutions. Such developments will impact directly on fundamental science and also lead to practical innovations.