Structural Assessment and Repair of Superelastic-Shape-Memory-Alloy Reinforced-Concrete Framed Structures Following Exposure to Seismic and/or Fire Events

建造在经历自然和/或人为灾害后可以容易地进行改造的弹性结构的需求正在增加。最近的灾害表明，发达国家可能遭受重大结构破坏和严重经济损失，因为这些国家正在执行最新的法规和标准。鉴于加拿大的气候正在发生变化，预计自然灾害的频率和规模将增加，因此迫切需要研究抗灾结构。我们的结构需要被设计为预期意外，同时遭受最小量的可修复损坏。该提案提供了实现这一目标的手段，考虑到两种潜在的灾害：地震和火灾事件。Youssef博士在结构消防工程、地震工程和超弹性形状记忆合金（SMA）棒应用方面的独特专业知识将被用于开展一项原创研究计划，该计划将使结构能够抵御火灾和地震事件。Youssef博士和其他研究人员已经提出利用SMA筋来最大限度地减少土木结构的地震破坏。然而，在火灾事件中，这种结构的性能没有调查，这是一个关键的安全问题。短期研究将侧重于SMA钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构，并解决两种潜在情况：（1）SMA RC结构已经被火灾事件损坏，这需要工程师评估其安全性，做出关于疏散需求的关键决定，并设计能够承受未来载荷（包括地震活动）的合适的改造系统，（2）SMA RC结构已经被地震破坏，然后暴露于通常爆发的火灾，这对居住者和应急人员造成高风险。拟议的研究将为研究人员和工程师提供一套完整的实验数据，包括材料性能，火灾损坏的SMA RC元件改造前后的结构性能，以及地震损坏的SMA RC节点的火灾回弹性。所开发的数值工具将在确保公共安全的同时，弥合传统的规定性设计与加拿大最近采用的基于目标的设计和美国的基于性能的设计之间的差距。工程师将能够为火灾损坏的SMA RC结构设计改造系统，以确定未来的弹性，并在进行抗震设计时考虑火灾弹性。拟议的研究将为3名博士候选人，2名MESc候选人，5名本科研究生和12名本科勤工俭学学生提供独特的机会，成为未来的工程师。他们将配备独特的能力，使他们能够通过实验和/或数字调查处理多种危险。他们的知识，能力和技能将使他们在学术界和/或咨询活动中大放异彩。

The demand to build resilient structures that can be easily retrofitted after experiencing natural and/or man-made disasters is increasing. Recent disasters have shown that significant structural damage and severe economic losses can be experienced in developed countries, where state-of-the-art codes and standards are being enforced. Given that Canada's climate is changing, which is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters, research addressing disaster-resilient structures is highly needed. Our structures need to be designed to expect the unexpected while suffering minimum amount of repairable damage. This proposal provides the means to achieve this goal considering two potential disasters: earthquake and fire events. Dr. Youssef's unique expertise in structural fire engineering, earthquake engineering, and applications of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars will be utilized to conduct an original research program, which leads to structures resilient to fire and seismic events. Utilization of SMA bars to minimize seismic damage in civil structures has been proposed by Dr. Youssef and other researchers. However, the performance of such structures during fire events was not investigated, which is a critical safety issue. The short-term research will focus on SMA Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structures and address two potential scenarios: (1) the SMA RC structure has been damaged by a fire event, which requires engineers to assess its safety, make the critical decision about the need for evacuation, and design a suitable retrofitting system that can withstand future loads including seismic activities, (2) the SMA RC structure has been damaged by an earthquake, and, then exposed to the commonly erupting fires, which follow and known to impose high risk to occupants and emergency personnel. The proposed research will provide researchers and engineers with a complete set of experimental data that cover material properties, structural performance of fire-damaged SMA RC elements before and after retrofitting, and fire resiliency of seismically-damaged SMA RC joints. The developed numerical tools will bridge the gap between the traditional prescriptive design and the recently adopted objective-based design in Canada and performance-based design in USA while ensuring public safety. Engineers will be able to design retrofit systems for fire-damaged SMA RC structures that ascertain future resiliency, and to consider fire resiliency while conducting seismic design. The proposed research will provide a unique opportunity for 3 PhD candidates, 2 MESc candidates, 5 undergraduate-research students, and 12 undergraduate-work-study students to be the engineers of the future. They will be equipped with unique abilities allowing them to deal with multi-hazards through experimental and/or numerical investigations. Their knowledge, abilities, and skills will allow them to shine in academia and/or consulting activities.