Development of a comprehensive municipal spill management planning framework

加拿大的经济发展依赖于整个加拿大和美国的商品、化学品和石油的制造和运输。工业、商业和市政活动都消耗化学品和石油，这些化学品和石油不可避免地部分泄漏到我们的环境中。从1988年到2013年，安大略省有超过76000起化学品和石油泄漏的报告，从100升到数千升的化学品和石油泄漏到我们的水环境。1998年，申请人和他的研究小组收集了安大略省溢油行动中心10年来的溢油数据，并在市政溢油管理方面发展了一个研究领域。在之前由NSERC发现基金支持的化学品泄漏研究的基础上，建议继续进行泄漏研究，以实现综合市政泄漏管理规划的长期研究目标。未来5年的短期研究目标将集中于城市溢油管理，解决固定（工业基础）和移动（交通基础）溢油以及相关的接收水影响和风险。研究方法包括：(1)汇编和分析最新的溢油资料库；(2)制定溢油管理框架；(3)制定溢油管理框架的规划工具；(4)溢油管理框架论证。将分析最新的溢油数据，以确定趋势和关系。拟议的溢油管理框架将侧重于溢油的预防、控制、应对和清理。将开发规划工具（基于历史和随机产生的泄漏地点以及估计的旅行时间），以确定容易发生泄漏的地区，市政当局可以与工业和道路工程师协调制定防止泄漏的措施。泄漏控制措施侧重于防止泄漏进入水环境的设备（例如油/水分离器，处理截流器）。制定规划工具，以确定合适的设备的位置和有效性。泄漏反应和清理措施的重点是尽量减少泄漏的影响。我们会发展规划工具（以历史及随机产生的溢油地点为基础），以确定溢油易发地区，并在重要地点确定适当的应变及清理措施。将开发河流水质规划模型，并使用蒙特卡罗模拟来评估有无泄漏预防控制、反应和清理措施的接收水风险。该项目将制定加拿大第一个针对石油泄漏的综合性市政规划框架，并为加拿大和其他工业国家正在进行的市政泄漏管理研究奠定基础。

Canada's economic development depends on the manufacturing and transportation of goods, chemicals, and oil throughout Canada and the United States. Both industrial, commercial, and municipal activities consume chemicals and oil which partially and inevitably spills to our environment. From 1988 to 2013, there were more than 76,000 reported chemical and oil spills in Ontario, ranging from a hundred to thousands of liters of spilled chemicals and oil spills to our water environment. After the compilation of 10 years of spill data from the Ontario Spill Action Centre in 1998, the applicant and his research team have developed a research niche in municipal spill management. Building upon the previous chemical spill research supported by NSERC Discovery Grant, it is proposed to continue spill research towards achieving the long-term research objective of comprehensive municipal spill management planning. The short-term research objective in the next 5 years will focus on municipal oil spill management that addresses stationary (industrial based) and mobile (transportation based) spills and the associated receiving water impacts and risks. The research methodology will involve (1) compilation and analysis of an up-to-date oil spill database; (2) development of a spill management framework for oil spills; (3) development of planning tools for the oil spill management framework; and (4) demonstration of the oil spill management framework. An up-to-date oil spill data will be analyzed to identify trends and relationships. The proposed oil spill management framework will focus on prevention, control, response and cleanup of oil spills. Planning tools (based on historic and stochastically generated spill locations and estimated travel times) will be developed to identify spill prone areas where municipalities can coordinate with industries and road engineers to develop spill prevention measures. Spill control measures focus on devices that prevent spills from entering the water environment (e.g. oil/water separators, treatment interceptors). Planning tools will be developed to identify suitable devices in terms of location and effectiveness. Spill response and cleanup measures focus on minimization of spill impacts. Planning tools (based on historic and stochastically generated spill locations) will be developed to identify spill prone areas and identify the appropriate response and cleanup measures at strategic locations. Water quality planning models for rivers will be developed and Monte-Carlo simulations will be used to evaluate receiving water risks of spills with and without spill prevention control, response, and cleanup measures. This project will develop the first comprehensive municipal planning framework for oil spills in Canada and set the stage for on-going municipal spill management research in Canada and other industrial nations.