Innovative lateral load resisting systems for mid-rise timber frame buildings

自2009年以来，加拿大各省级和联邦管辖区修改了各自的建筑规范，将住宅木结构建筑的层高限制从4层增加到6层。高度的增加增加了对中高层（最多6层）木结构建筑的更强剪力墙系统的需求，中高层（最多4层）木结构建筑通常需要比低层（最多4层）建筑更高的抗重力和侧向荷载能力。有关强木框架剪力墙的研究是有限的。简单地加强传统剪力墙的抗力可能会损害其他结构性能，如延性和耗能能力，这是影响结构在地震荷载下性能的两个关键特征。在本研究项目中，主要目的是开发一种更强的剪力墙系统，该系统可用于建造中高层木结构建筑，具有与传统墙体相当的延展性和耗能能力。在提出的研究中，新开发的墙体系统的高横向阻力将通过重新安排传统剪力墙中使用的三个主要部件：尺寸木材，护墙板和钉子来实现。多排钉子将沿着护墙板的边缘对齐，因为这些钉子接头有望控制墙体系统的破坏模式和侧向阻力。同时，木框架将通过使用多个板和螺柱来加强，以避免框架成员的破坏。这些增强板和螺柱也可以以90度旋转的方式放置，将尺寸木材的更宽的面钉在护墙板上，这类似于中间剪力墙系统。在这种情况下，采用多剪切和多排护套-框架钉。需要一个强大的压紧系统来防止上举失败。在本研究项目中，将通过实验研究和数值模拟分析来研究新开发的剪力墙体系的结构性能。两名1-2年级的硕士生将研究用于强剪力墙的连接的性能。在第一阶段结束时，将获得不同配置下连接的破坏模式和力学特性。两名博士生将在第二阶段继续系统层面的研究。其中一名博士生将专注于剪力墙设计细节的优化。另一名博士生将专注于木材和木基混合结构建筑在地震荷载下的结构性能。在本研究结束时，预计将在三个层面上更好地了解新开发的剪力墙系统的结构性能：接缝，墙体系统和整个建筑。

Since 2009, various provincial and federal jurisdictions in Canada have amended their respective building codes to increase the storey limit of residential wood frame buildings from 4 to 6 storeys. Increases in height have raised the demand for a stronger shear wall system for construction of mid-rise (up to 6 storey) timber frame buildings that usually require higher resistance against gravity and lateral loads than low-rise (up to 4 storey) buildings. Research related to strong wood frame shear walls is limited. Simply reinforcing the resistance of the traditional shear wall may compromise other structural properties, such as ductility and energy dissipation capacity, which are two of the key characteristics affecting the performance of structures under earthquake loads. In this research program, the main aim is to develop a stronger shear wall system that can be used in construction of mid-rise timber frame buildings that has comparable ductility and energy dissipation capacity to traditional walls. In the proposed research, the high lateral resistance of the newly developed wall system will be achieved by re-arranging the three main components used in traditional shear walls: dimension lumber, sheathing panels and nails. Multi-rows of nails will be aligned along the edges of sheathing panels as these nail joints are expected to control the failure mode and lateral resistance of the wall system. Meanwhile, the timber frame will be enhanced by using multiple plates and studs to avoid failure at the frame members. These enhanced plates and studs can also be placed at a 90 rotation with the wider face of dimension lumber nailed to the sheathing panels, which is similar to a midply shear wall system. In this case, multi-shear and multi-row sheathing-to-framing nails are used. A strong hold-down system is required to prevent up-lift failure.In this research program, the structural performance of the newly developed shear wall system will be investigated through both experimental study and numerical modeling analysis. Two master students in years 1-2 will investigate the performance of connections used in the strong shear walls. At the end of phase 1, the failure mode and mechanical properties of connections with various configurations will be obtained. Two PhD students will continue the research at the system level in phase 2. One of the PhD students will focus on the optimization of design details of shear walls. The other PhD student will focus on the structural performance of timber and timber-based hybrid buildings under seismic load. At the end of this research, it is expected that a better understanding of the structural performance of the newly developed shear wall system will be achieved on three levels: joints, wall systems and the whole building.