Theory and practice of molecular communication

这一建议涉及分子通讯。分子通信是一种快速发展的技术，具有广泛的应用，包括纳米级网络和恶劣环境下的通信。利用分子通信，发射器通过释放分子模式对信息进行编码，并利用布朗运动等物理原理将这些信息传递给接收者。例如，一个比特可以通过释放一个或多个可检测化合物的分子来发送，比如乙醇（代表1），或者不释放（代表0），作为一种开-关键的形式。这种化合物可以通过自由扩散从发射器传播到接收器，接收器上的乙醇探测器可以测量分子到达的时间。在这个例子中，噪声的形式要么是分子的随机传播过程，要么是探测器中的噪声。在分子通信文献中已经提出并研究了许多其他调制技术。在这个项目中，我们回答了以下研究问题：1。什么是适合分子通信系统的信息理论模型，什么是相关的信息理论能力？我们能从信息论的角度理解纳米生物系统吗？我们能否将低成本的“宏观尺度”分子通信试验台小型化，使其更接近纳米生物学应用所需的尺寸？我们能否通过构建示范系统来说明分子通信的实用价值？前两个问题本质上是理论性的，并将扩展我们对分子通信的最终极限的认识。这些问题的答案将帮助我们了解分子通信的哪些应用是可能的，哪些是不可行的。此外，从信息论的角度理解纳米生物系统可以让我们更好地理解自然纳米生物系统，如微生物。最后两个问题具有实践性，有助于我们将分子通讯的理论知识应用到实践中。这些问题的答案将使我们更接近纳米医学的未来可能性，并将开辟传统无线电通信难以解决的新应用领域（如基础设施监测）。

This proposal concerns molecular communication. Molecular communication is a rapidly emerging technique with numerous applications, including nanoscale networking and communication in harsh environments. Using molecular communication, the transmitter encodes messages by releasing patterns of molecules, and conveys those messages to the receiver using physical principles such as Brownian motion. For example, a bit could be sent by releasing one or more molecules of a detectable compound such as ethanol (representing 1), or releasing nothing (representing 0), as a form of on-off keying. The compound could propagate from transmitter to receiver using free diffusion, and an ethanol detector at the receiver would measure when the molecules arrive. Noise in this example takes the form of either the random propagation process of the molecules, or noise in the detector. Many other modulation techniques have been proposed and studied in the molecular communication literature.In this project we answer the following research questions:1. What are appropriate information-theoretic models for molecular communication systems, and what are the associated information-theoretic capacities?2. Can we obtain an information-theoretic understanding of nanobiological systems?3. Can we miniaturize low-cost "macroscale" molecular communication testbeds, bringing them closer to the size needed for nanobiological applications?4. Can we illustrate the practical value of molecular communication by constructing demonstration systems?The first two questions are theoretical in nature, and will extend our knowledge of the ultimate limits of molecular communication. Answers to these questions will help us to understand what kind of applications are possible with molecular communications, and what kind are infeasible. Moreover, understanding nanobiological systems from an information-theoretic perspective may give us greater understanding of natural nanobiological systems, such as microbes.The last two questions are practical in nature, and will help us bring our theoretical knowledge of molecular communication to realization in practice. Answers to these questions will bring us closer to the futuristic possibilities of nanomedicine, and will open up new application areas (such as infrastructure monitoring) that are difficult to solve with conventional radio communication.