Volcanic, structural, and tectonic controls on volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: Archean to present

现代和古代矿床：火山块状硫化物矿床是古代富含铜、锌、铅、银和金的矿床，形成于海底或海底以下。它们是由海底热液喷口沿着洋中脊、岛弧内或弧后盆地形成的，弧后盆地是在岛弧后面形成的裂谷区域。这些矿床由古代至近代的火山层序组成，这些火山层序形成于主要的海洋闭合和相关的大地碰撞时期，包括晚太古代（2.8-2.69 Ga）、古元古代（1.92-1.87 Ga）、寒武纪-奥陶纪（500-450 Ma）、泥盆纪-深盆纪（370-340 Ma）和早侏罗世（200-180 Ma）时期。加拿大西北地区（NWT）太古代火山层序内的大陆弧内环境拥有多个VMS矿床，并具有高矿产潜力。海底块状硫化物（SMS）矿床相当于现代的VMS矿床。在印度洋中洋脊（中印度洋脊）沿线发现了与活跃/不活跃热液喷口相关的SMS矿床。目标和科学方法：我的长期目标是确定VMS和SMS系统之间的关系；为什么特定的火山序列含有vms型矿化或荒芜；构造环境、火山构造和相分布在VMS组和SMS组中的作用。我的短期目标是重建NWT北极地区VMS矿床及其宿主火山序列的火山、岩浆、热液和构造演化，并定义SMS矿床的火山和构造背景，包括岩相、热液蚀变和中印度脊的矿化。影响：本研究项目将促进对VMS和SMS矿床成矿作用的认识，帮助地球科学家了解这些矿床集中的古代和现代板块构造环境，并带来多重效益：1)促进HQP的培训，从而为加拿大矿业和矿产勘探行业提供高技能的地球科学家，目标是向加拿大矿产勘探领域代表性不足的群体提供培训，包括妇女、少数族裔、土著人民、不同性别认同的人以及残疾人；2)它将产生新的知识，直接影响加拿大采矿和矿产勘探行业，负责VMS矿床勘探（历史上占相当大的加拿大贱金属（~30% Cu, ~50% Zn, ~20% Pb）和贵金属（~40% Ag, ~3% Au）产量）；3)它将有助于维持北方社区的经济，这些社区的经济在很大程度上依赖于矿产勘探和采矿

Modern and ancient mineral deposits: Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are ancient copper-, zinc-, lead-, silver-, and gold-rich mineral deposits that form at or just below the seafloor. They form from seafloor hydrothermal venting along mid-ocean ridges, within island arcs, or in back-arc basins, which are areas of rifting that form behind island arcs. These deposits are hosted by ancient to recent volcanic sequences that formed during periods of major ocean closure and associated terrane collision, including the Late Archean (2.8-2.69 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (1.92-1.87 Ga), Cambro-Ordovician (500-450 Ma), Devono-Mississippian (370-340 Ma), and Early Jurassic (200-180 Ma) times. The intra-continental back-arc environment within Archean volcanic sequences of the Northwest Territories (NWT) hosts multiple VMS deposits and features areas of high mineral potential in Canada. Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits are modern-day equivalents of VMS deposits. SMS deposits associated with active/inactive hydrothermal vent sites have been discovered along the mid-ocean ridge (Central Indian Ridge) of the Indian Ocean. Objectives and scientific approach: My long-term objectives are to determine the relationship between VMS and SMS systems; why a specific volcanic succession contains VMS-type mineralization or is barren; and the role of tectonic setting, volcanic architecture, and facies distribution in both VMS and SMS formation. My short-term objectives are to reconstruct the volcanic, magmatic, hydrothermal, and structural evolution of VMS deposits and their host volcanic sequences in the Arctic of the NWT, and define the volcanic and structural settings of SMS deposits including lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization of the Central Indian Ridge. Impact: This research program will advance understanding of the metallogenesis of VMS and SMS deposits, aid in Earth scientists' understanding of ancient and modern plate tectonic settings, where these deposits are concentrated, and bring multiple benefits: 1) it will facilitate the training of HQP, thereby providing the Canadian mining and mineral exploration industry with highly skilled geoscientists, with the goal of providing training to typically underrepresented groups in Canadian mineral exploration, including women, visible minorities, Indigenous Peoples, people with diverse gender identities, and people with disabilities; 2) it will generate new knowledge that will directly impact the Canadian mining and mineral exploration industry responsible for VMS deposit exploration (which historically accounts for considerable Canadian base metal (~30% Cu, ~50% Zn, ~20% Pb) and precious metal (~40% Ag, ~3% Au) production); and 3) it will aid in sustaining northern communities, whose economies are largely dependent on mineral exploration and mining