Investigating the role of block kinematics and brittle fracture in rock failure mechanisms: A combined multi-sensor remote sensing-numerical modelling approach.

岩石破坏机制本身就很复杂，通常涉及滑动、旋转、侧向/后方释放和完整岩石破裂的组合。在工程实践中，这些过程的相对贡献是由在从晶界到离散断裂网络和高度持久结构（如断层或褶皱分支）的尺度上存在或不存在适当定向结构所控制的。在这项研究中，一个主要的重点将是发展新的基于现场/遥感方法和数值模拟程序，以便更好地理解岩石破坏机制中运动学和脆性断裂之间的相互关系。将进行最先进的现场测绘/监测、数值和实验研究，以调查岩石破坏运动学、脆性断裂和多种工程尺度的损伤。将开发多传感器遥感方法来研究运动学、损伤和岩石破坏之间的关系。将开发遥感数据收集和解释的新方法，包括应用机器学习技术。结合二维和三维脆性断裂- dfn建模技术将用于探索脆性断裂/损伤的程度与不同的运动，结构，地下水和应力环境。在地表和地下环境中，我们将利用结合地表和钻孔变形测量的数值模拟来探讨随时间变化的变形在各种岩石破坏机制中的重要性；将采用综合模型方法来改善数值和监测数据之间的拟合。将研究随时间变化的变形和运动释放的发展之间的相互关系。岩体构造损伤的变化将在大型结构暴露中使用遥感方法进行探索。最先进的地理可视化方法（混合，虚拟和增强现实）将是拟议研究的重要组成部分，包括时空全息可视化，以允许有效的三维观察和动态脆性破坏过程的交流。测绘、监测和模拟数据的全息可视化将用于从实验室样本到整个露天矿斜坡和主要滑坡的所有比例尺。这项研究将培养HQP从博士后到本科生在工程地质测绘、最先进的遥感技术和地质力学建模方面的能力。本文的研究对地表岩质边坡和地下开挖工程具有重要意义，对加拿大乃至国际实践都具有重要影响。对岩石破坏机制的更好理解将使岩土工程危害和风险得到更严格的定义，并带来重大的安全和经济效益。

Rock failure mechanisms are inherently complex often involving a combination of sliding, rotation, lateral/rear release and intact rock fracture. The relative contribution of each of these processes in engineering practice is controlled by the presence, or absence, of suitably oriented structures at scales ranging from grain boundaries, to discrete fracture networks and highly persistent structures such as faults or fold limbs. In this research a major focus will on be the development of new field based /remote sensing methods and numerical modelling procedures to allow improved understanding of the inter-relationships between kinematics and brittle fracture in rock failure mechanisms. State of the art field-based mapping/monitoring, numerical and experimental research will be undertaken to investigate rock failure kinematics, brittle fracture and damage at multiple engineering scales. Multi-sensor remote sensing methods will be developed to investigate the relationships between kinematics, damage and rock failure. New approaches to remote sensing data collection and interpretation will be developed including the application of machine learning techniques. Combined two and three-dimensional brittle fracture-DFN modelling techniques will be used to explore the degree of brittle fracture/damage related to varied kinematic, structural, groundwater and stress environments. The importance of time-dependent deformation in varied rock failure mechanisms will be explored in both surface and underground environments using numerical modelling constrained against combined surface and borehole deformation measurements; the use of a synthetic model approach will be used to improve the fit between numerical and monitoring data. Inter-elationships between time dependent deformation and the development of kinematic release will be investigated. The variation in tectonic damage in rock masses will be explored in exposures of large-scale structures using a remote sensing approach. State of the art geovisualisation methods (Mixed, Virtual and Augmented Reality) will be an important component of the proposed research including spatio-temporal holographic visualisation to allow efficient three-dimensional viewing and communication of kinematic brittle failure processes. Holographic visualisation of mapping, monitoring and simulation data will be used at all scales from laboratory samples to overall open pit slopes and major landslides. The research will train HQP from the postdoctoral to the undergraduate level in engineering geological mapping, state of the art remote sensing technology and geomechanical modelling. The proposed research will be of major importance to both surface rock slope and underground excavation engineering with impact on both Canadian and international practice. An improved understanding of rock failure mechanisms will allow geotechnical hazards and risk to be more rigorously defined with significant safety and economic benefits.