Flexible Power for Future Zero-Emissions Shipping and Delivery

在一个中等规模的北美城市，人们每年开车10亿公里去购买商品和食物，导致超过30万吨的温室气体（GHG）排放。研究表明，转向网上购物和送货上门的潜在好处，最多可减少87%的排放量。最后一英里的运输（城市内，供应链的最后一环）贡献了高达50%的排放量。为了应对这种情况，政府和公司设想了运输的电气化，使用电动汽车，从卡车到小型机器人。此外，2019冠状病毒病加速了这一趋势。这个增加电动汽车运输的机会可以抵消温室气体排放，减少驾驶，并减少交通流量。实现零排放运输和交付的两个关键因素是：1)用于交付电动汽车的超高效快速充电器和车载电源转换；2)专用的供电基础设施。该项目旨在为未来的货物运输提供灵活的电池充电基础设施。短期目标是研究和原型化先进的充电基础设施，以实现零排放的包裹递送。这必须是灵活和可扩展的，必须部署在战略地点，并根据季节性需求或意外事件（如COVID-19导致的电子商务增长）进行调整。该计划的创新部分是使用新颖的拓扑结构、半导体和架构来实现智能操作模式，包括车对车（V2V）和车对电网（V2G）。最后，具体的研发将定义充电设施固定存储的最佳大小和使用，以抵消峰值负荷。这项长期研究旨在实施城市规模的充电系统，实现零排放的货物交付，并有一套明确的目标：加速家庭运输系统的电气化，并显著减少温室气体排放；部署技术，将能源存储（ev）整合到电网中，以缓解峰值消耗并平滑可再生资源的间歇性；通过取代汽车和驾驶，减少污染，方便获取货物。该项目的结果将使企业能够灵活地扩展和利用资产，降低电动汽车车队的拥有成本。该项目针对储能和电动汽车领域的HQP培训，同时为加拿大工业开发知识产权。预计各级电动汽车充电基础设施对工程师的高需求，它将向加拿大输送具有强大研发技能的毕业生。该计划通过加速减少温室气体排放和为电动汽车提供关键基础设施，符合政府的科技战略。这是一个前所未有的时代（COVID - 19大流行），电子商务和货物运输急剧加速。该计划通过带来原创性和创新来解决现代社会中这一紧迫领域和机遇，从而满足NSERC的目标。

In a medium size North American city, people drive collectively one billon kilometers yearly to acquire goods and food, leading to over 300,000 tonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Studies show the potential benefit of switching to online shopping and home delivery, with up to 87% reduction in emissions. Last-mile transportation (within the city, the last link in the supply chain) contributes up to 50% of those emissions. In response to this, governments and companies envision the electrification of delivery, using EVs from trucks to small robots. Further, COVID-19 has accelerated this trend. This opportunity to increase use of EVs for delivery can offset GHG emission, reduce driving, and curtail traffic. Two elements are critical to realize a Zero-Emissions Shipping and Delivery: 1) ultra-efficient fast chargers and on-board power conversion for delivery EVs, 2) a dedicated powering infrastructure. This program addresses flexible battery charging infrastructure for the future of goods delivery. The short-term objectives are to research and prototype advanced charging infrastructures that will enable zero-emissions parcel delivery. This has to be flexible and scalable, to be deployed at strategic locations and to adjust to seasonal demand or unexpected events (such as e-commerce growth due to COVID-19). The innovative part of this program is the use of novel topologies, semiconductor, and architectures to enable intelligent operating modes including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). Finally, specific R&D will define optimal size and usage of stationary storage at the charging facilities to offset peak loads. The long-term research aims to the implementation of city-scale charging systems that enable zero-emissions delivery of goods with a clear set of goals: accelerate the electrification of home-delivery systems and provide significant reduction in GHG emissions; deploy technologies to integrate energy storage (EVs) into the electric grid to mitigate peak consumption and smooth the intermittence of renewable resources; facilitate access to goods with reduced pollution by replacing cars and driving. The results of this program will allow business flexible scaling and utilization of assets, decreasing the cost of ownership of EV fleets. The program targets HQP training in the area of energy storage and EVs while developing IP for Canadian industries. Anticipating the high demand for engineers at all levels of EV charging infrastructure, it will deliver graduates with strong R&D skills to Canada. The program fits into the government's strategy on science and technology by accelerating the reduction of GHG emissions and providing key infrastructure for EVs. This is an unprecedented time (COVID pandemic) with dramatic acceleration of e-commerce and goods delivery. The program meets NSERC's objectives by bringing originality and innovation to address this pressing area and opportunity in modern society.