Process Engineering for Advanced Chemically Bonded Ceramics (CBC)

我们的目标是实现室温或近室温处理的低成本、低CO2排放的化学结合陶瓷CBC，具有耐高温（> 1000°C）和靶向离子封装（例如重金属或核废料）特性。 (I)将利用室温或接近室温的处理，和（II）使用化学反应而不是烧结来获得离子/共价键合的材料。适当处理的CBC可导致在低T（<100°C）工艺中获得耐高T（> 1000 ° C）陶瓷，因为化学反应CBC形成离子/共价键并在升高的T下经历相变。这些过程的动力学将被研究，以确定这种CBCs暴露于升高的T的耐火性增加的速度。由于CBC工艺及其矿物/废物原料的上述两个基本原理（I，II），与OPC相比，其CO2足迹可小10倍。具体而言，我们提出了在两个主题1，2中研究先进的CBC，用于与环境保护广泛相关的（A）结构和（B）功能应用：主题1：（1A）结构和（1 B）功能酸活化磷硅酸盐水泥的基础和应用研究（PhD#1）。长期目标是开发磷酸结合的矿物衍生的低成本低碱（Na，K）铝硅酸钙（如钙长石）的工艺技术，作为（1A）结构OPC的可行替代品，和（1B）功能性高温（耐火）陶瓷。1A和1B之间的重叠允许在简单的室温工艺中获得大体积的耐高温水泥，用于耐火住宅、运输（例如隧道）、工业（例如石化）或军事结构中的应用。主题2：碱活化（2A）结构和（2B）功能地质聚合物的基础和应用研究GP（博士#2）。本发明的重点是碱活化的偏高岭石和废料（例如铝硅酸盐粉煤灰）的低成本、室温处理，用于（2A）以一般OPC替代为目标的无定形、低CO2足迹GP的结构应用，和（2B）以Cs、Sr、As或重金属Pb、Hg的吸收和保留为目标的微结构工程化、原位沸石结晶GP的功能应用。

We aim to achieve room- or near-room T processed low-cost, low-CO2 emission Chemically Bonded Ceramics CBC with high-T (> 1000°C) resistance and targeted ion encapsulation (e.g. heavy metals or nuclear waste) properties.  (I) room- or near-room-temperature processing, and (II) use of chemical reactions, rather than sintering, to achieve ionic/covalently bonded materials, will be utilized. Properly processed CBC may lead to high-T (>1000°C) resistant ceramics obtained in a low-T (<100°C) processes as the chemically reacting CBC form ionic/covalent bond and undergo phase transformations at elevated T. The kinetics of these processes will be studied to determine the speed of fire resistance increase of such CBCs exposed to elevated T. Because of the above two fundamentals (I, II) of CBC processes and their mineral/waste raw materials, their CO2 footprint could be up to 10x smaller as compared to OPC. Specifically, we propose research into advanced CBCs for (A) structural and (B) functional applications broadly related to environmental protection, in two Themes 1,2: Theme 1: Basic and Applied Studies on (1A) Structural and (1B) Functional Acid-Activated Phospho-Silicate Cements (PhD#1). The long-term objective is to develop process technology for phosphoric acid bonded mineral-derived, low-cost low-alkali (Na, K) calcium alumino-silicates (such as anorthite) as (1A) viable replacement of structural OPC, and (1B) functional high-temperature (refractory) ceramics. An overlap between 1A and 1B allows to obtain in a simple, room-temperature process large volumes of high-temperature resistant cements for applications in fire-sensitive residential, transportation (e.g. tunnels), industrial (e.g. petrochemical) or military structures. Theme 2: Basic and Applied Studies on Alkali-Activated (2A) Structural and (2B) Functional Geo-Polymers GP (PhD #2). The is focus on low-cost, room-temperature processing of alkali-activated metakaolinite and waste materials such as aluminosilicate fly-ash for (2A) structural applications of amorphous, low-CO2 footprint GP targeting general OPC replacement, and (2B) functional applications of microstructurally-engineered, in-situ zeolite-crystallized GP targeting absorption and retention of Cs, Sr, As, or heavy metals Pb, Hg.