The role of climate-driven factors on carbon and phosphorus sequestrations in lake sediments and soils

在过去的十年里，人们对内陆水域在全球碳(C)循环中的作用的认识急剧增加。由于在内陆水域，大量的碳被封存在沉积物中或排放到大气中，通过陆地生态系统运输的总碳中只有一半到达海洋。由于测量的复杂性和将结果从一个系统外推到另一个系统的困难，很少对湖泊和河流沉积物中的长期碳汇进行评估。尽管陆地-水生连续体是全球和局部碳磷平衡的关键不确定因素之一，但迄今为止还没有对集水区的碳和磷负荷进行估算。碳和磷的形成触发了将留在沉积物中的总碳和总磷的部分。几个世纪以来，土壤中积累的磷遗产是一个隐藏的水池，进入我们的流域，最终进入湖泊，影响几十年甚至更长时间的碳和磷循环。因此，当务之急是修复流域的磷遗产，并为循环磷经济做出贡献，这是一种通过设计消除浪费和污染、保持材料使用和再生自然系统的经济。我的项目的长期目标是了解和确定陆地-水生连续体中潜在的碳源和汇，估计陆地-水生连续体中的P遗产，并阐明和开发碳封存和循环P经济的技术。本项目主要开展陆水连续体碳磷封存的多学科研究，短期目标如下：1 .研究气温、降水和冰盖等气候驱动因子对湖泊沉积物碳磷埋藏通量的影响。O2：估计在极端天气事件下，流域碳和磷的负荷。O3：为了阐明土壤中遗留的磷释放，并开发一种可持续的生物修复技术来捕获和再利用磷，我将结合现场和实验室实验以及建模研究来深入了解从分子到复杂环境系统尺度的生物地球化学过程。由于气候驱动因素（如变暖和极端事件的频率）的动态变化，湖泊沉积物中C和P封存的预期发现将有助于缩小C和P生物地球化学领域的基础知识差距，并为全球模型提供缺失的数据。研究结果将使人们更深入地了解这些过程对改善水质的管理战略所产生的后果。重要的是，我们预期的结果将在当前磷矿产资源稀缺的情况下促进碳固存和磷修复新技术的发展。这项研究将加强加拿大在流域和淡水生态系统管理方面的能力。

The past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the recognition of the role of inland waters in the global carbon (C) cycle. Since in inland waters a large amount of carbon is sequestered in sediments or emitted to the atmosphere, only half from the total C transported over the terrestrial ecosystem reaches the oceans. The long-term C sinks in lake and river sediments have rarely been assessed due to the complexity of measurements and the difficulty of extrapolating results from one system to another. Even though the terrestrial-aquatic continuum is one of the key uncertainties in global and local C and phosphorus (P) balance, neither a speciation of C nor P loadings from catchments have been estimated so far. Carbon and phosphorus speciation trigger the portions of the total C and P that will remain in the sediments. Over centuries accumulated P legacy in soils is a hidden pool entering our watersheds and ending up in lakes, impacting the C and P cycles during decades and perhaps even longer. Thus, it is imperative to remediate the P legacy in watersheds and contribute to a circular P economy, an economy that is designing out waste and pollution, keeping materials in use and regenerating natural systems. The long-term goals of my program are to understand and identify potential C sources and sinks in the terrestrial-aquatic continuum, to estimate P legacy in the terrestrial-aquatic continuum, and to elucidate and develop techniques for C sequestration and a circular P economy. This proposal focuses on multidisciplinary research of C and P sequestration along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum and has the following short-term objectives: O1: To examine the impact of climate-driven factors such as air temperature, precipitation and ice cover on C and P burial fluxes in lake sediments. O2: To estimate a speciation of C and P loadings from watersheds under extreme weather events. O3: To elucidate legacy P release from soils and to develop a sustainable bioremediation technique to capture and re-use P. I will combine field and laboratory experiments and modeling studies to obtain insight into biogeochemical processes ranging from the molecular to complex environmental system scales. The anticipated findings of the changes in C and P sequestration in lake sediments due to the dynamics of climate-driven factors, such as warming and the frequencies of extreme events, will contribute to closing the fundamental knowledge gap in the field of C and P biogeochemistry and offer missing data for the global modeling. The results will provide an enhanced insight into the consequences that these processes have on management strategies for the improvement of water quality. Importantly, our expected results will foster the development of new technology for C sequestration and P remediation in a current time of P mineral resource scarcity. This research will strengthen Canada's ability in the area of watershed and freshwater ecosystem management.