Scene Structure and Surfaces: Viewing strategies effects on attention, learning, and memory

视觉搜索是许多任务中不可或缺的一部分；当我们在城市中穿行、做三明治或修理漏水的水龙头时，我们会搜索地标、物体和工具。传统上，视觉搜索过程中的注意机制是通过视觉阵列来研究的，在视觉阵列中，物品在一个人工的、均匀的视野中均匀分布。我和学员们研究注意力控制机制如何在更复杂、更自然的环境中运作。我们发现，使用人工阵列开发的基本理论不容易推广到现实世界的场景，部分原因是场景环境提供了基于知识和经验的强烈偏见和期望。解释这些差异的一种方法是物体和场景如何在空间上联系（Castelhano的信息（项目2））。在3D环境中，视觉搜索会发生变化，即时决策的成本效益比会随着人们的走动而变化（项目3）。我的研究计划的目标是开发一个更详细的理论说明，如何将感知信息、一般世界知识和以前的经验结合起来，以允许在现实世界环境中进行高效和有效的视觉搜索。表面指导框架，通过产生可测试的假设，使发展新的概念，范式和新的理论认识机制的注意和信息处理在视觉复杂的环境。这项工作对于理解现实世界场景信息的基本认知过程以及理解这些过程如何随时间结合和变化都是革命性的。我的受训者和我将使用这个新颖的理论框架作为第一步，以更全面地理解复杂、自然环境中的认知加工。

Visual search is an integral part of many tasks; while navigating through a city, making a sandwich or fixing a leaky faucet, we search for landmarks, objects, and tools. Traditionally, attentional mechanisms during visual search have been investigated using visual arrays, in which items are equally spaced across an artificial, uniform visual field. My trainees and I study how mechanisms of attentional control operate in more complex, naturalistic environments. We have found that basic theories, developed using artificial arrays, do not easily generalize to the real-world scenes, in part because the scene context provides strong biases and expectations based on knowledge and experience. One way to account for these differences lies in how object and scenes are linked spatially (Castelhano s information (Project 2) 3. visual search changes in a 3D environment, where the cost-benefit ratio of moment-to-moment decisions change as people walk around (Project 3).The goal of my research program is to develop a more detailed theoretical account of how perceptual information, general world knowledge, and previous experience is combined to allow for efficient and effective visual search within real-world environments. The Surface Guidance Framework, by generating testable hypotheses, enables the development of new concepts, paradigms and a new theoretical understanding of mechanisms of attention and the processing of information in visually complex environments. This proposed work is transformational both for the understanding of basic cognitive processes of real-world scene information and for understanding how these processes combine and change over time. My trainees and I will use this novel theoretical framework as a first step in developing a fuller understanding of cognitive processing in complex, naturalistic environments.