Understanding the relationship between word and number processing

我的研究计划的长期目标是了解视觉呈现的单词是如何处理的。最近的研究让我相信，只有了解单词阅读与其他熟练技能（如数字处理）之间的关系，才能完全理解单词阅读。因此，我的研究计划的中期目标是了解单词和数字处理是如何相关的。许多比较数字和文字处理的认知研究都比较了阿拉伯数字（例如，“4”）和数字词（例如，“四”），并主要研究语义效果（例如，Reynvoet & Brysbaert，2004）。这些研究的结果集中在阿拉伯数字和数字词的处理类似的结论（Herrera & Macizo，2011）。然而，这是一个远没有穷尽的检查如何字和数字处理的关系。 最近对脑损伤患者的研究表明，需要对非语义过程进行更多的研究（Dotan & Friedmann，2018; 2019）。因此，本研究的短期目标是：（1）评估单词和数字处理是否由共享的、领域通用的机制和/或高度专业化的、领域特定的机制执行;（2）评估领域特定的机制在多大程度上根据共同的原则运行。将采用三种不同的方法来实现这些短期目标。 第一种方法将使用任务切换范例的修改版本来评估在执行单个任务时处理系统的单个配置是否可以用于数字和单词。一系列的实验评估是否相同的过程中使用的阅读大声描述。这些研究旨在区分阿拉伯数字、数字词和非数字词编码的不同理论。第二种方法将使用掩蔽形式的启动（例如，Forster & Davis，1991）来评估数字和单词编码所涉及的过程是否根据类似的原则运行。研究评估是否相同的拼写和语音词汇机制支持阿拉伯数字，数字词和非数字词的处理。这些实验的目的是区分如何正字法和语音的数字，数字词和非数字词的词汇表征存储的领先理论。第三种方法将使用心理不应期（PRP）范例（例如，Pasher，1994）来检验数字和单词是否对处理资源有相同的要求。研究，探讨是否语义激活阿拉伯数字，数字词和非数字词需要处理能力，激活语义表征。这些研究旨在测试自动处理的主张，这些主张在数字认知和单字阅读理论中无处不在（Augustinova & Ferrand，2014）。

The long-term goal of my research program is to understand how visually presented words are processed. Recent research has lead me to believe that a complete understanding of word reading can only be achieved by understanding how it is related to other well practiced skills such as number processing. Therefore, the medium-term goal of my research program is to understand how word and number processing are related. Much of the cognitive research comparing number and word processing has compared Arabic digits (e.g., `4') and number words (e.g., `four') and has primarily examined semantic effects (e.g., Reynvoet & Brysbaert, 2004). The outcomes of these studies converge on the conclusion that Arabic digits and number words are processed similarly (Herrera & Macizo, 2011). However, this is a far from exhaustive examination of how word and number processing is related. Recent work with brain injured patients suggests more research needs to be done examining non-semantic processes (Dotan & Friedmann, 2018; 2019). Consequently, the short-term goals of the present research are to (1) assess whether word and number processing are performed by shared, domain-general mechanisms and/or highly specialized, domain specific mechanisms and (2) assess to what extent domain specific mechanisms operate according to common principles. Three different approaches will be used to reach these short-term objectives. The first approach will use a modified version of the task switching paradigm to assess whether a single configuration of the processing system can be used for both numbers and words when performing a single task. A series of experiments assessing whether the same processes are used during reading aloud are described. These studies are designed to discriminate between different theories of how Arabic digits, number words and non-number words are encoded. The second approach will use masked form priming (e.g., Forster & Davis, 1991) to assess whether the processes involved in encoding numbers and words operate according to similar principles. Studies are described that assess whether the same orthographic and phonological lexical mechanisms support the processing of Arabic digits, number words and non-number words. These experiments are designed to discriminate between leading theories of how orthographic- and phonological- lexical representations of digits, number words and non-number words are stored. The third approach will use the Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm (e.g., Pasher, 1994) to examine whether numbers and words make the same demands on processing resources. Studies are described that examine whether semantic activation for Arabic digits, number words and non-number words require processing capacity to activate semantic representations. These studies are designed to test claims of automatic processing that are ubiquitous in theories of numerical cognition and single word reading (Augustinova & Ferrand, 2014).