An intentional architectural framework for engineering knowledge-intensive service systems

知识密集型服务系统（KISS）是一个组织和技术代理网络，依靠知识作为关键资源，以协作方式创造对系统实体有价值的知识密集型产出和成果。KISS的例子包括围绕知识密集型商业服务提供商和开放式创新举措形成的网络。知识密集型服务活动是工业化经济体的关键组成部分，2012年仅KIBS行业就为加拿大的GDP贡献了超过800亿美元。由于KISS中人力资源、技术和组织因素之间的密切互动，来自产品工程的传统服务工程方法已被发现不足以满足此类服务的需求。服务系统工程提供了一个潜在的解决方案，这个问题，专注于服务系统实体的定义和发现，并通过时间的动态关系。服务系统工程领域的一个重要挑战是创建用于开发服务系统架构的高级模型、方法和工具。但是，尽管在这方面的一些贡献，我们仍然缺乏架构框架，占关键特征的KISS，如实体之间的协作关系和他们对知识的依赖。本研究计划旨在通过创建一个意向架构框架KISS架构（IAF-KISSA）的发展，以解决这一差距。设计和开发的系统使用的概念，有意代理，他们的目标，这些代理所使用的策略，以实现他们的意图已经实现了一些相关的领域，如需求工程，企业建模和面向服务的计算。由于有意建模需要考虑涉众的各种观点及其潜在冲突，因此它非常适合于引出有目的的系统（如服务系统）的需求。该研究计划的三个目标是：1）为KISS体系结构建模的需求提供一个正式的定义; 2）使用有目的的方法和建模语言创建一个体系结构框架; 3）评估和改进框架。该计划的结果对服务工程领域非常重要，使其能够将其范围扩展到关键的经济领域。在实践层面上，IAF-KISSA将提供一个正式的方法，使KISS的功能方面，如资源规划，与业务方面，如绩效评估。此外，鉴于知识对所有类型的服务系统的重要性，这项研究的结果可以提供一个创新的方式，在工程服务系统一般。

A knowledge-intensive service system (KISS) is a network of organizational and technological agents that rely on knowledge as a key resource to collaboratively create knowledge-intensive outputs and outcomes that are valuable to the system's entities. Examples of KISS include networks that form around knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) providers and open innovation initiatives. Knowledge-intensive service activities are key components of industrialized economies, with the KIBS sector alone contributing over $80 billion to Canada's Gross Domestic Product in 2012.Traditional service engineering methods, drawn from product engineering, have been found inadequate for this type of service because of the intense interactions among human resources, technology, and organizational factors in KISS. Service systems engineering offers a potential solution to this issue, focusing on the definition and discovery of service system entities and their dynamic relationships through time. An important challenge for the field of service systems engineering is the creation of advanced models, methods, and tools for developing service systems architectures. But despite a number of contributions in this regard, we are still lacking architectural frameworks that account for key characteristics of KISS such as collaborative relationships among entities and their reliance on knowledge.This research program aims at addressing this gap by creating an Intentional Architectural Framework for the development of KISS Architectures (IAF-KISSA). The design and development of systems using the concepts of intentional agents, their goals, and the strategies used by these agents to achieve their intentions has been implemented in a number of related areas such as requirements engineering; enterprise modeling; and, service-oriented computing. Since intentional modeling requires the consideration of the various viewpoints of stakeholders and their potential conflicts, it is ideally suited to eliciting the requirements of purposeful systems such as service systems. The three objectives of the research program are to: 1) provide a formal definition of the requirements for modeling a KISS architecture; 2) create an architectural framework using an intentional approach and modeling language; and, 3) evaluate and refine the framework.The results of this program are important for the field of service engineering, allowing it to expand its scope to a key economic domain. On a practical level, IAF-KISSA will provide a formal approach for aligning functional aspects of KISS, such as resource planning, with business aspects, such as performance evaluation Moreover, given the importance of knowledge for all types of service systems, the results of this research could provide an innovative manner in which to engineer service systems in general.