Smartphone use is a risk factor for pediatric dry eye disease according to region and age: a case control study.
Smartphone use is a risk factor for pediatric dry eye disease according to region and age: a case control study.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12886-016-0364-4
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发表时间：
2016-10-28
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Moon NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moon JH;Kim KW;Moon NJ
2014年，韩国的智能手机总体使用率为83%，儿童和青少年的使用率为89.8%。智能手机的使用率因地区(城市与农村)和年龄(年轻年级与老年年级)而有所不同。我们根据地区和年龄调查了与儿童干眼病(DED)相关的风险和保护因素与智能手机使用率的关系。我们招募了916名儿童，进行了包括裂隙灯检查和泪水破裂时间在内的眼科检查。对儿童及其家庭进行的问卷调查包括视频显示终端(VDT)的使用、户外活动、学习和修改的眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分。根据国际干眼工作坊指南(客观体征：点状上皮糜烂或泪液破裂时间短；主观症状：改良的OSDI评分)对儿童的危险因素和保护因素进行统计分析，分组如下：DED与对照组、城市与农村、较小年级(1-3)与较大年级(4-6)。DED组的患病率为6.6%，城市组患病率为8.3%，农村组为2.8%(P = 0.03)。城市组智能手机使用率为61.3%，农村组为51.0%(P = 0.04)。总体而言，大年级组9.1%的儿童被诊断为DED，而低年级组儿童的这一比例为4%(P = 0.03)。大年级儿童的智能手机使用率为65.1%，低年级儿童为50.9%(P <； 0.001)。抑郁组平均每天使用智能手机的时间长于对照组(Logistic回归分析，P <； 0.001，OR = 13.07)，而户外活动的平均持续时间短于对照组(Logistic回归分析，P <； 0.0 1，OR = 0.33)。在停止使用智能手机4周后，DED组的主观症状和客观体征都有所改善。儿童使用智能手机与儿童DED密切相关；然而，户外活动似乎对儿童DED具有保护作用。城市环境中的高年级学生有DED的危险因素(智能手机使用时间长)和户外活动时间短。因此，在城市地区年龄较大的儿童使用智能手机时，需要密切观察和谨慎。本文的在线版本(doi：10.1186/s12886-0160364-4)包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
In 2014, the overall rate of smartphone use in Korea was 83 and 89.8 % in children and adolescents. The rate of smartphone use differs according to region (urban vs. rural) and age (younger grade vs. older grade). We investigated risk and protective factors associated with pediatric dry eye disease (DED) in relation to smartphone use rate according to region and age. We enrolled 916 children and performed an ocular exam that included slit lamp exam and tear break-up time. A questionnaire administered to children and their families consisted of video display terminal (VDT) use, outdoor activity, learning, and modified ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score. DED was defined based on the International Dry Eye Workshop guidelines (Objective signs: punctate epithelial erosion or short tear break-up time; subjective symptoms: modified OSDI score) We performed statistical analysis of risk factors and protective factors in children divided into groups as follows: DED vs. control, urban vs. rural, younger grade (1st to 3rd) vs. older grade (4th to 6th). A total of 6.6 % of children were included in the DED group, and 8.3 % of children in the urban group were diagnosed with DED compared to 2.8 % in the rural group (P = 0.03). The rate of smartphone use was 61.3 % in the urban group and 51.0 % in the rural group (P = 0.04). In total, 9.1 % of children in the older-grade group were diagnosed with DED compared to 4 % in the younger-grade group (P = 0.03). The rate of smartphone use was 65.1 % in older-grade children and 50.9 % in younger-grade children (P < 0.001). The mean daily duration of smartphone use was longer in the DED group than controls (logistic regression analysis, P < 0.001, OR = 13.07), and the mean daily duration of outdoor activities was shorter in the DED group than controls (logistic regression analysis, P < 0.01, OR = 0.33). After cessation of smartphone use for 4 weeks in the DED group, both subjective symptoms and objective signs had improved. Smartphone use in children was strongly associated with pediatric DED; however, outdoor activity appeared to be protective against pediatric DED. Older-grade students in urban environments had DED risk factors (long duration of smartphone use), and a short duration of outdoor activity time. Therefore, close observation and caution are needed when older children in urban areas use smartphones. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-016-0364-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
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