Early delay of gratification predicts later inhibitory control and academic performance in children with prenatal alcohol exposure.
Early delay of gratification predicts later inhibitory control and academic performance in children with prenatal alcohol exposure.
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DOI：
10.1080/09297049.2020.1798372
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wozniak JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Water E;Krueger AM;Lindgren CW;Fuglestad AJ;Rockhold MN;Sandness KE;Eckerle JK;Fink BA;Boys CJ;Wozniak JR
胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）影响美国2 - 5%的儿童。在学龄前年龄范围内，抑制缺陷经常表现为延迟满足的能力受损，这与这些儿童的认知灵活性缺陷有关。这项纵向研究的目的是确定FASD学龄前儿童延迟满足的能力是否：1）与气质和行为的更广泛表现相关; 2）预测中期儿童后期的抑制控制，认知灵活性和工作记忆; 3）预测后期父母报告的行为问题和儿童中期的学校功能。47名患有FASD的儿童，年龄在2.5到5岁之间，被给予延迟满足任务，在这个任务中，他们选择立即接受两个零食或等待10分钟后接受10个零食。根据等待时间的中位数划分两组。四年后，29名儿童完成了抑制控制（侧卫任务），认知灵活性（维度变化卡片分类测试）和工作记忆（斯坦福-比奈智力量表）的测量，他们的父母完成了儿童行为检查表，作为衡量儿童行为问题和学校功能的指标。在幼儿园延迟满足任务上等待时间较长的儿童在童年中期的侧卫任务上表现出更好的抑制控制，并且在英语中表现出更好的家长报告的学校功能。这些研究结果表明，早期抑制能力持续到儿童中期的FASD，并可能是一个有前途的目标，早期干预，以改善这些儿童后来的认知结果。
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) affects 2–5% of children in the United States. In the preschool age-range, inhibitory deficits frequently manifest as impaired ability to delay gratification, which is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility in these children. The goal of this longitudinal study was to determine whether the ability to delay gratification in preschool children with FASD is: 1) associated with broader manifestations in temperament and behavior; 2) predictive of later inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory in middle childhood; and 3) predictive of later parent-reported behavioral problems and school functioning in middle childhood. Forty-seven children with FASD, ages 2.5 to 5 were administered a delay of gratification task in which they chose between receiving two snacks immediately or ten snacks after waiting for ten minutes. Two groups were defined based on a median split of waiting time. Four years later, twenty-nine children completed measures of inhibitory control (Flanker task), cognitive flexibility (Dimensional Change Card Sort Test), and working memory (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales), and their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist as a measure of the child’s behavioral problems and school functioning. Children with longer wait times on the delay of gratification task in preschool showed better inhibitory control on the Flanker task in middle childhood and better parent-reported school functioning in English. These findings indicate that early inhibitory capacity persists into middle childhood in those with FASD, and may be a promising target for early intervention to improve later cognitive outcomes in these children.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01811.x
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1080/15248372.2011.563485
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Carlson SM