Research and Innovation Opportunities to Improve Epidemiological Knowledge and Control of Environmentally Driven Zoonoses.
Research and Innovation Opportunities to Improve Epidemiological Knowledge and Control of Environmentally Driven Zoonoses.
复制标题
提高流行病学知识和环境驱动型人畜共患病控制的研究和创新机会。
DOI：
10.5334/aogh.3770
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Magalhães RJS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Proboste T;James A;Charette-Castonguay A;Chakma S;Cortes-Ramirez J;Donner E;Sly P;Magalhães RJS
虽然人畜共患疾病是由动物和人类之间的传播过程定义的，但对于许多这些疾病来说，受污染的环境源的存在是传播的原因。大多数人畜共患病依赖于复杂的环境驱动的人与动物之间的相互作用，这发生在沿着职业和娱乐环境连续体，包括农业和动物营销系统，环境管理系统和社区休闲环境。环境驱动的人畜共患病（EDZ）的诊断和控制特别具有挑战性，因为它们的宿主在自然环境中，因此通常会逃脱依赖于宿主监测的传统监测系统。气候变化、人口密度和农业集约化导致的环境变化与这类感染的传播事件增加有关。因此，人们认识到需要能够检测环境中EDZ的存在，以更好地预测传播事件并改进源归属调查。最后，认识到需要采取“同一健康”方法来对抗这些感染，这向各国政府发出了信号，表明需要制定政策来优化人类、动物和环境卫生部门的权衡。在这篇综述中，我们讨论并批判性地评价了与环境人畜共患病的流行病学、诊断和控制有关的主要挑战。使用一组典型的疾病，包括禽流感和耐药性病原体，我们探讨了流行病学背景（风险因素），这些感染不仅影响人类健康，而且有助于动物健康和环境的影响。然后，我们批判性地评估了监测这些感染的环境中的监测挑战，并研究了一个更综合的方法来减轻其影响的政策权衡。
While zoonotic diseases are defined by transmission processes between animals and humans, for many of these diseases the presence of a contaminated environmental source is the cause of transmission. Most zoonoses depend on complex environmentally driven interactions between humans and animals, which occur along an occupational and recreational environmental continuum, including farming and animal marketing systems, environmental management systems, and community leisure environments. Environmentally driven zoonoses (EDZs) are particularly challenging to diagnose and control as their reservoirs are in the natural environment and thus often escape conventional surveillance systems that rely on host monitoring. Changes in the environment as a result of climate change, human population density, and intensification of agriculture have been linked to increasing transmission events for this group of infections. As such, there is a recognised need to be able to detect the presence of EDZs in the environment as a means to better anticipate transmission events and improve source attribution investigations. Finally, the recognition that a One Health approach is needed to combat these infections is signalling to governments the need to develop policy that optimises trade-offs across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. In this review, we discuss and critically appraise the main challenges relating to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of environmental zoonotic disease. Using a set of exemplar diseases, including avian influenza and antimicrobial resistant pathogens, we explore the epidemiological contexts (risk factors) within which these infections not only impact human health but also contribute to animal health and environmental impacts. We then critically appraise the surveillance challenges of monitoring these infections in the environment and examine the policy trade-offs for a more integrated approach to mitigating their impacts.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Chakma S;Osmani MG;Akwar H;Hasan Z;Nasrin T;Karim MR;Samad MA;Giasuddin M;Sly P;Islam Z;Debnath NC;Brum E;Magalhães RS
通讯作者：
Magalhães RS
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Gibb, Rory;Redding, David W.;Jones, Kate E.
通讯作者：
Jones, Kate E.
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Hassell, James M.;Begon, Michael;Ward, Melissa J.;Fevre, Eric M.
通讯作者：
Fevre, Eric M.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Clark NJ;Soares Magalhães RJ
通讯作者：
Soares Magalhães RJ
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Cooper, Natalie;Griffin, Randi;Nunn, Charles L.
通讯作者：
Nunn, Charles L.