Making it to the PhD: Gender and student performance in sub-Saharan Africa.
Making it to the PhD: Gender and student performance in sub-Saharan Africa.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0241915
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Osiru M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fisher M;Nyabaro V;Mendum R;Osiru M
女性在科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 领域的代表性不足阻碍了解决非洲复杂发展问题的进展。与其他地区一样，女性在 STEM 领域的参与度在教育和职业阶梯上逐渐下降，目前女性占非洲 STEM 研究人员的 30%。本研究利用来自 17 个非洲国家 227 名 STEM 博士项目校友的新调查数据，阐明了博士表现中基于性别的差异。我们发现，与男性同行相比，样本女性在博士学习期间接受发表的论文大约少一篇，并且完成博士培训的时间要长大约半年。负二项回归模型提供了关于观察到的女性和男性博士表现差异的见解。结果表明，女性和男性的出版效率和完成博士学位的时间之间的相关性非常相似，但也观察到了一些基于性别的差异。对于出版物产出，我们发现良好的监督对男性的影响比女性更大；博士期间结婚降低了女性的出版效率，但提高了男性的出版效率。根据我们的研究结果，在博士培训期间成为父母是女性需要更长时间完成博士学位的一个关键原因。研究结果表明，拥有一名女性导师、在制定性别政策的机构就读以及在一个被认为不常见的教员性骚扰的部门攻读博士学位，这些都是女性及时完成博士学业的有利因素。这项研究提出了两项优先干预措施：(1) 支持妇女作为妻子和母亲角色的家庭友好型政策和设施；(2) 为 STEM 领域的妇女培养更广泛的联系和网络，包括确保根据她们的具体需求和情况提供指导和监督支持。
Women’s underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) impedes progress in solving Africa’s complex development problems. As in other regions, women’s participation in STEM drops progressively moving up the education and career ladder, with women currently constituting 30% of Africa’s STEM researchers. This study elucidates gender-based differences in PhD performance using new survey data from 227 alumni of STEM PhD programs in 17 African countries. We find that, compared to their male counterparts, sampled women had about one less paper accepted for publication during their doctoral studies and took about half a year longer to finish their PhD training. Negative binomial regression models provide insights on the observed differences in women’s and men’s PhD performance. Results indicate that the correlates of publication productivity and time to PhD completion are very similar for women and men, but some gender-based differences are observed. For publication output, we find that good supervision had a stronger impact for men than women; and getting married during the PhD reduced women’s publication productivity but increased that of men. Becoming a parent during the PhD training was a key reason that women took longer to complete the PhD, according to our results. Findings suggest that having a female supervisor, attending an institution with gender policies in place, and pursuing the PhD in a department where sexual harassment by faculty was perceived as uncommon were enabling factors for women’s timely completion of their doctoral studies. Two priority interventions emerge from this study: (1) family-friendly policies and facilities that are supportive of women’s roles as wives and mothers and (2) fostering broader linkages and networks for women in STEM, including ensuring mentoring and supervisory support that is tailored to their specific needs and circumstances.
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