Reflecting and Assimilation and contrast in impression formation and automatic behavior.

Reflecting and Assimilation and contrast in impression formation and automatic behavior.
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印象形成和自动行为中的反思、同化和对比。

DOI:
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发表时间:
2001
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Vincent Lépinasse
Vincent Lépinasse
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
A. Dijksterhuis;R. Spears;Vincent Lépinasse

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影响因素的倾向,主要是在刻板的社会刺激,或更多的作为一个独特的例子,预测温和的自动行为的影响,分别产生同化和对比。在实验1中,作者证明,当一个印象与一群老年人有关时,它会导致对刻板印象的行为同化(即,较慢的响应延迟),并且当相同的信息涉及单个样本时进行对比。在实验2中,对单个个体的印象在正常情况下导致行为对比,但在认知负荷下导致行为同化。实验3表明,虽然在正常条件下,群体印象导致同化,这种影响被消除的条件下的准确性动机。与促进对比的条件相比,促进同化的条件的特征在于对刺激目标的刻板印象更多。自动行为的影响进行了讨论。
Factors influencing the tendency to represent a social stimulus primarily in stereotypic terms, or more as a distinct exemplar, were predicted to moderate automatic behavior effects, producing assimilation and contrast respectively. In Exp 1, the authors demonstrated that when an impression pertained to a group of elderly people it led to behavioral assimilation to the stereotype (i.e., slower response latencies) and to contrast when identical information pertained to an individual exemplar. In Exp 2, an impression of a single individual led to behavioral contrast under normal circumstances but to behavioral assimilation under cognitive load. Exp 3 demonstrated that while a group impression led to assimilation under normal conditions, this effect was eliminated under conditions of accuracy motivation. Conditions that fostered assimilation were characterized by more stereotypical impressions of the stimulus target(s) compared to conditions that fostered contrast. Implications for automatic behavior are discussed.
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