Third-party intervention and post-conflict behaviour in agonistic encounters of pigs (Sus scrofa).
Third-party intervention and post-conflict behaviour in agonistic encounters of pigs (Sus scrofa).
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DOI：
10.1186/s12983-023-00508-w
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发表时间：
2023-08-17
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Camerlink, Irene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maffezzini, Nicole;Turner, Simon P.;Bolhuis, J. Elizabeth;Arnott, Gareth;Camerlink, Irene
关键词：
第三方干预竞争性竞赛是指旁观者（第三方）蓄意干预正在进行的争斗，随后可能会出现冲突后社会行为，向特定个人提供支持。然而，第三方干预背后的机制在很大程度上仍然没有得到充分研究。本研究的目的是调查第三方干预，预测：（1）竞争者通过赢得一场战斗从其行动中获益，（2）干预模式取决于熟悉程度，（3）二元战斗持续时间长于三元战斗，（4）竞争者事后参与非竞争性社会行为。青春期前的猪（猪）（n = 384）被分组与一个熟悉的和四个不熟悉的同种（所有非亲属）引起的竞争优势排名。分组后的前30分钟，第三方干扰进行了分析，沿着的行为（鼻子或侵略），比赛持续时间，比赛结果，和战斗后的行为（冲突后的社会行为）。观察到三种类型的干扰：非对抗性参与（鼻子接触）的参赛者在一个二元的战斗;一个三元的战斗与三个参赛者的每一个打击一个对手的时间;和三元的战斗与两个对手共同攻击第三个（二对一的战斗）。第三方干预发生的可能性并不取决于战斗中是否存在熟悉的动物。然而，一旦干预被触发，攻击者攻击陌生的战斗发起者比熟悉的。二对一的战斗比其他三人组的战斗持续时间更长，而且在最初的两名参赛者都是女性时更常见。110场三人组比赛（总共585场比赛）的结果显示，与体重相同的最初对手相比，获胜者更有可能获胜。最常见的冲突后的行为所显示的挑衅行为对另一组成员，独立的熟悉。对熟悉程度的普遍缺乏歧视表明，干扰不是由对猪中熟悉个体的支持驱动的。结果表明，干预正在进行的战斗给竞争者一个很高的机会，竞争成功，可能是一种策略，有利于竞争者提高其优势地位。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12983-023-00508-w获得。
Third-party interference in agonistic contests entails a deliberate intervention in an ongoing fight by a bystanding individual (third party) and may be followed by post-conflict social behaviour to provide support to a specific individual. The mechanisms behind third-party intervention are, however, still largely understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate third-party interference, with the predictions that (1) the interferer derives benefits from its action by winning a fight, (2) that patterns of intervention depend on familiarity, (3) that dyadic fights last longer than triadic fights, and (4) that interferers engage in non-agonistic social behaviours afterwards. Pre-pubertal pigs (Sus scrofa) (n = 384) were grouped with one familiar and four unfamiliar conspecifics (all non-kin) to elicit contests for dominance rank. Third-party interference was analysed for the first 30 min after grouping, along with the behaviour (nosing or aggression), contest duration, contest outcome, and interferer behaviour after the fight (post-conflict social behaviour). Three types of interference were observed: non-agonistic involvement (nose contact) by the interferer in a dyadic fight; a triadic fight with each of three contestants fighting one opponent at a time; and triadic fights with two opponents jointly attacking the third one (two-against-one fights). The likelihood of a third-party intervention to occur did not depend on the presence of a familiar animal in the fight. However, once intervention was triggered, interferers attacked unfamiliar fight initiators more than familiar ones. Two-against-one fights lasted longer than other triadic fights and occurred more often when both initial contestants were females. Results of 110 triadic fights (out of 585 fights in total) revealed that interferers were more likely to win compared to the initial opponents at equal body weight. The most common post-conflict behaviour displayed by the interferer was agonistic behaviour towards another group member, independently of familiarity. The general lack of discrimination for familiarity suggests interference is not driven by support to familiar individuals in pigs. The results show that intervening in an ongoing fight gives the interferer a high chance of contest success and may be a strategy that is beneficial to the interferer to increase its dominance status. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12983-023-00508-w.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Beisner BA;McCowan B
通讯作者：
McCowan B
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Camerlink, Irene;Turner, Simon P.;Arnott, Gareth
通讯作者：
Arnott, Gareth
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1998.0548
发表时间：
1998-11-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Dugatkin, LA
通讯作者：
Dugatkin, LA
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Camerlink I;Farish M;Arnott G;Turner SP
通讯作者：
Turner SP