The mechanical cell.
The mechanical cell.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.034
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发表时间：
2009-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Janmey PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tee SY;Bausch AR;Janmey PA
我们做出的许多决定都是基于我们探测材料的机械性能和测量施加在我们身上的力的能力。我们选择成熟的水果，部分是通过挤压它们，根据一个人握手的坚定程度做出推断，并且经常被东西是软的还是粘的吸引或排斥，这是产品设计师和化妆品制造商非常感兴趣的反应。这些感官能力取决于我们作为流变仪发挥作用的能力：我们施加受控大小和持续时间的力，并检测由此产生的变形或流速。也就是说，当我们判断物体感觉如何或我们被推或拉的力度有多大时，我们同时意识到应力(力/面积)和应变(变形)或应变率。细胞似乎对有关力、硬度和粘附性的信息同样敏感。不同类型的细胞对力和硬度的反应范围及其反应的性质，与它们对化学刺激的反应一样，与它们遇到与它们通常所在组织不同的硬度的材料时的反应性质一样。细胞对外力作出反应的能力或在施加内部力时检测其基质的力学性能的能力取决于细胞本身的机械性能。用来测量合成材料的机械性能的方法和仪器--流变学领域--也被应用于组织和分离的细胞。在后一种情况下，需要修改传统方法和发明新方法来应对单个细胞的小尺寸和脆弱性。在这本入门读物中，我们将尝试总结当前细胞力学中的一些发现(见方框1的术语表)，以及它们如何被认为影响细胞在体内的功能或故障。
Many decisions we make are based on our ability to probe the mechanical properties of materials and to measure forces applied to us. We choose ripe fruits in part by squeezing them, make inferences based on the firmness of a person’s handshake, and are often attracted or repelled by whether something is soft or sticky, a response of great interest to product designers and cosmetic manufacturers. These sensory abilities depend on our capacity to function as rheometers: we apply forces of controlled magnitude and duration and detect the resulting deformation or rate of flow. That is, we are simultaneously aware of stress (force/area) and strain (deformation) or strain rate when we judge how an object feels or how hard we are pushed or pulled. Cells appear to be equally sensitive to information about force, stiffness and adhesivity. The range of force and stiffness to which different cell types respond and the nature of their responses as they encounter materials with stiffness different from that of the tissue in which they normally reside are as individual as their responses to chemical stimuli. The ability of cells to respond to external forces or to detect the mechanics of their substrates as they apply internally generated forces depends on the mechanical properties of the cells themselves. The same methods and instrumentation used to measure the mechanical properties of synthetic materials—the province of rheology—have been applied to tissues and isolated cells. In the latter case, modification of traditional methods and invention of new methods have been needed to cope with the small size and fragility of an individual cell. In this primer we shall attempt to summarize some of the current findings in cell mechanics (see Box 1 for glossary of terms) and how they are thought to affect how cells function or malfunction in vivo.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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