Microbial larvicides for malaria control in The Gambia.
Microbial larvicides for malaria control in The Gambia.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-6-76
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发表时间：
2007-06-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Fillinger, Ulrike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Majambere, Silas;Lindsay, Steven W.;Green, Clare;Kandeh, Balla;Fillinger, Ulrike
蚊虫幼虫控制可能被证明是将其纳入减少疟疾传播的综合媒介管理（IVM）战略的有效工具。在这里测试了微生物杀幼虫剂对冈比亚按蚊的功效，为冈比亚的大规模杀幼虫规划做准备。球形芽孢杆菌2362 （Bs; VectoLex®）和苏云金芽孢杆菌变种以色列菌株AM65-52 (Bti；在实验室和现场条件下测试VectoBac®对幼虫发育的影响，以(1)确定当地媒介的敏感性，(2)评估残留效果和重新处理间隔，(3)在操作应用条件下测试微生物的有效性，(4)开发大规模应用的方法。主要疟疾媒介对这两种微生物高度敏感。24 h杀灭冈比亚按蚊3龄幼虫95%的致死浓度为：Bti WDG 0.023 mg/l (14.9 BsITU/l), Bti WDG 0.132 mg/l （396 ITU/l）。一般情况下，即使施用量为LC95的200倍，b在田间条件下也几乎没有残留效应。然而，在旱季进行的标准化现场试验中，残留影响长达10天。施用后24-48小时，两种微生物的幼虫死亡率均为100%，但在施用后4天可检出晚期幼虫。蛹发育减少94%（95%可信区间= 90.8-97.5%）。现场试验表明，b对按蚊幼虫无残留活性。当每周使用时，这两种微生物都提供了完全的保护。在确定生境、校准施药设备和主动灭蚊方面对人员进行的基本培训证明是成功的，并在充分运作的条件下实现了三个月的蚊虫幼虫的完全覆盖和控制。环境安全的微生物杀幼虫剂可以显著减少冈比亚自然栖息地的幼虫丰度，并可能成为纳入IVM规划的有用工具。在这种情况下，可以通过提供更大残余效果的配方来降低干预的成本。
Mosquito larval control may prove to be an effective tool for incorporating into integrated vector management (IVM) strategies for reducing malaria transmission. Here the efficacy of microbial larvicides against Anopheles gambiae s.l. was tested in preparation for a large-scale larviciding programme in The Gambia. The impact of water-dispersible (WDG) and corn granule (CG) formulations of commercial Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 (Bs; VectoLex®) and Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis strain AM65-52 (Bti; VectoBac®) on larval development were tested under laboratory and field conditions to (1) identify the susceptibility of local vectors, (2) evaluate the residual effect and re-treatment intervals, (3) test the effectiveness of the microbials under operational application conditions and (4) develop a method for large-scale application. The major malaria vectors were highly susceptible to both microbials. The lethal concentration (LC) to kill 95% of third instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. after 24 hours was 0.023 mg/l (14.9 BsITU/l) for Bs WDG and 0.132 mg/l (396 ITU/l) for Bti WDG. In general Bs had little residual effect under field conditions even when the application rate was 200 times greater than the LC95. However, there was a residual effect up to 10 days in standardized field tests implemented during the dry season. Both microbials achieved 100% mortality of larvae 24–48 hours post-application but late instar larvae were detected 4 days after treatment. Pupae development was reduced by 94% (95% Confidence Interval = 90.8–97.5%) at weekly re-treatment intervals. Field tests showed that Bs had no residual activity against anopheline larvae. Both microbials provided complete protection when applied weekly. The basic training of personnel in identification of habitats, calibration of application equipment and active larviciding proved to be successful and achieved full coverage and control of mosquito larvae for three months under fully operational conditions. Environmentally safe microbial larvicides can significantly reduce larval abundance in the natural habitats of The Gambia and could be a useful tool for inclusion in an IVM programme. The costs of the intervention in this setting could be reduced with formulations that provide a greater residual effect.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Fillinger, U;Sonye, G;Becker, N
通讯作者：
Becker, N
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
NICOLAS, L;DARRIET, F;HOUGARD, JM
通讯作者：
HOUGARD, JM
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
MULLA, MS;NORLAND, RL;MCKEAN, DW
通讯作者：
MCKEAN, DW
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Charles, JF;Nielsen-LeRoux, C
通讯作者：
Nielsen-LeRoux, C
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01733.x
发表时间：
2006-11-01
期刊：
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fillinger, Ulrike;Lindsay, Steven W
通讯作者：
Lindsay, Steven W