Signaling Pathways in Mouse Embryo Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Signaling Pathways in Mouse Embryo Stem Cell Self-Renewal
复制标题
小鼠胚胎干细胞自我更新的信号通路
DOI：
10.5772/907
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
L. Quinlan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Quinlan
在植入前胚泡发育阶段，哺乳动物胚胎由独特的细胞集合组成，其中三个主要群体占主导地位。滋养外胚层（TE）的最外层产生胎盘，其作用是维持发育中的胎儿将其连接到母体宿主。接下来是一群细胞，称为内细胞团（ICM），这些细胞被认为是多能的（图1）。第三组细胞称为原始内胚层，在上胚层阶段包围ICM细胞。随着发育的进行，ICM细胞迅速分裂并最终开始分化形成三个胚层（外胚层、中胚层和内胚层）。实际上，这些多能ICM细胞是所有成人组织的前体。当这些多能细胞致力于特定的细胞谱系时，它们失去了多能性。胚胎干细胞是直接从植入前胚胎中分离的整倍体多能细胞系。第一批稳定的ES细胞系是通过免疫手术从发育延迟的小鼠胚泡的ICM中分离出来的（Martin，1981; Evans和考夫曼，1981）。小鼠ES细胞在发育潜力方面与早期ICM细胞非常密切相关（Beddington和Robertson，1989）。除非另有说明，本章将重点介绍小鼠ES细胞（mES）。三个特征表征mES细胞; 1.它们直接从胚胎中分离（Robertson，1987）。2.当它们被引入胚胎时，它们可以在生殖细胞系中定居。3.它们具有不受限制的增殖潜力（苏达等人，1987年）。这些特征有效地意味着在适当的条件下，核型稳定的自更新的多能细胞群可以在体外无限繁殖。mES细胞具有其他特征，当比较胚胎来源的干细胞与其分化的后代时，这些特征被证明是有用的。mES细胞具有整倍体（2n）染色体补体，这是允许它们参与生殖细胞发育和嵌合体形成的特征（布拉德利等人，1984; Evans，1994）。通过嵌合体形成的mES细胞发育潜力的功能证明是所讨论的细胞群体的多能性的明确证据。生物标志物通常被用作干细胞状态的指标，因为获得干细胞的功能性证据耗时且技术上更困难。许多共同的标志物是在ICM和mES细胞中表达的转录因子，并且已经显示在分离的干细胞或ICM中在自我更新和维持多能性中具有功能性作用。的
At the pre-implantation blastocyst stage of development, the mammalian embryo is composed of a unique collection of cells of which three major populations predominate. The outermost layer the trophectoderm (TE) gives rise to the placenta, which acts to sustain the developing fetus connecting it to the mother host. The next is a cluster of cells known as the inner cell mass (ICM) these cells are said to be pluripotent (Fig. 1). A third group of cells known as the primitive endoderm, surrounds the ICM cells at the epiblast stage. As development proceeds the ICM cells rapidly divide and eventually begin to differentiate forming the three embryonic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). Effectively these pluripotent ICM cells are the precursors of all adult tissues. As these pluripotent cells commit to a specific cellular lineage, they lose their pluripotency. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are euploid pluripotent cell lines isolated directly from cultured preimplantation embryos. The first stable ES cell lines were isolated by immunosurgery from the ICM of implantationdelayed, mouse blastocysts (Martin, 1981; Evans and Kaufman, 1981). Mouse ES cells are very closely related to early ICM cells in terms of their developmental potential (Beddington and Robertson, 1989). This chapter will focus on mouse ES cells (mES) unless otherwise stated. Three features characterize mES cells; 1. They are isolated directly from the embryo (Robertson, 1987). 2. They can colonize the germ line when introduced to the embryo. 3. They possess unrestricted proliferative potential (Suda et al., 1987). These features effectively mean that under appropriate conditions, a karyotype stable selfrenewing, pluripotent population of cells can be propagated indefinitely in vitro. mES cells have other characteristics, which prove useful when comparing embryo derived stem cells to their differentiated progenies. mES cells have a euploid (2n) chromosome complement, a feature that allows their participation in germ cell development and the formation of chimeras (Bradley et al., 1984; Evans, 1994). The functional demonstration of mES cell developmental potential through chimera formation is the definitive proof of the pluripotent nature of the cell population in question. Biomarkers are often used as indicators of the stem cell state due to the time consuming and technically more difficult nature of getting functional proof of stemness. Many of the common markers are transcription factors expressed in the ICM and mES cells and have been shown to have functional roles in selfrenewal and in the maintenance of pluripotency, in both isolated stem cells or the ICM. The
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
BAIN, G;KITCHENS, D;GOTTLIEB, DI
通讯作者：
GOTTLIEB, DI
DOI：
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16601.x
发表时间：
1992-02
期刊：
European journal of biochemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Tracy A. Willson;Donald Metcalf;N. Gough
通讯作者：
Tracy A. Willson;Donald Metcalf;N. Gough
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
MARTIN, GR
通讯作者：
MARTIN, GR
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
C. Auernhammer;S. Melmed
通讯作者：
C. Auernhammer;S. Melmed
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Yamaguchi, TP;Takada, S;McMahon, AP
通讯作者：
McMahon, AP