Age-dependent Pavlovian biases influence motor decision-making.
Age-dependent Pavlovian biases influence motor decision-making.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006304
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Galea JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen X;Rutledge RB;Brown HR;Dolan RJ;Bestmann S;Galea JM
运动决策是日常生活中必不可少的组成部分，它需要权衡潜在的奖惩和成功执行一个动作的可能性。为了实现这一点，人类依赖于两种关键机制：一种是灵活的、工具性的、依赖于价值的过程；另一种是硬连接的、巴甫洛夫式的、与价值无关的过程。在经济决策中，与年龄相关的冒险行为下降的原因是巴甫洛夫式的偏见减少，这种偏见促使人们采取行动追求回报。虽然健康的老龄化也与运动决策中的风险承担减少有关，但目前尚不清楚这是巴甫洛夫偏见、工具性过程或两者结合变化的结果。使用一个新建立的接近-回避计算模型和一个新的基于APP的汽车决策任务，我们测量了当参与者(n=26,532)基于他们感知到的执行复杂动作的能力进行一次“去/不去”的汽车赌博时，对奖惩的敏感性。我们发现，工具参数和巴甫洛夫参数的模型可以更好地解释运动决策，并揭示了基于惩罚和奖励的工具和巴甫洛夫过程中与年龄相关的变化。然而，衰老最显著的影响是巴甫洛夫式的奖励吸引力下降，这与最佳选择行为的减少有关。在参与独立经济决策任务的参与者(n=17,220)中，我们发现大多数年龄段的人在汽车和经济领域都有类似的决策倾向。因此，巴甫洛夫偏差不仅在解释运动决策行为方面发挥着重要作用，而且在解释正常衰老过程中发生的变化方面也发挥着重要作用。这提供了一个更深入的理解机制，这些机制塑造了整个生命周期的运动决策。日常生活中的决策往往需要权衡成功执行一项行动(例如，成功过马路)的可能性与潜在的奖惩。尽管老年人在这种汽车决策场景中承担的风险较小，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。经济决策中与年龄相关的类似变化可以用巴甫洛夫式的报酬吸引力下降来解释。然而，尽管巴甫洛夫偏见在将行动与奖励、回避与惩罚联系起来方面发挥了作用，但它们对汽车决策的影响尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种新的基于APP的运动决策任务(n=26,532)。我们发现汽车决策受到巴甫洛夫式的影响。虽然我们发现惩罚和基于奖励的决策过程都与年龄相关，但年龄增长最显著的影响是巴甫洛夫吸引力对追求奖励的行为的促进作用减弱。使用来自同一个体(n=17,220)的独立经济决策任务的数据，我们在大多数年龄组的汽车和经济领域显示出类似的决策倾向。因此，巴甫洛夫偏差不仅在解释运动决策行为方面发挥着至关重要的作用，而且在解释正常衰老过程中发生的变化方面也起着至关重要的作用。
Motor decision-making is an essential component of everyday life which requires weighing potential rewards and punishments against the probability of successfully executing an action. To achieve this, humans rely on two key mechanisms; a flexible, instrumental, value-dependent process and a hardwired, Pavlovian, value-independent process. In economic decision-making, age-related decline in risk taking is explained by reduced Pavlovian biases that promote action toward reward. Although healthy ageing has also been associated with decreased risk-taking in motor decision-making, it is currently unknown whether this is a result of changes in Pavlovian biases, instrumental processes or a combination of both. Using a newly established approach-avoidance computational model together with a novel app-based motor decision-making task, we measured sensitivity to reward and punishment when participants (n = 26,532) made a ‘go/no-go’ motor gamble based on their perceived ability to execute a complex action. We show that motor decision-making can be better explained by a model with both instrumental and Pavlovian parameters, and reveal age-related changes across punishment- and reward-based instrumental and Pavlovian processes. However, the most striking effect of ageing was a decrease in Pavlovian attraction towards rewards, which was associated with a reduction in optimality of choice behaviour. In a subset of participants who also played an independent economic decision-making task (n = 17,220), we found similar decision-making tendencies for motor and economic domains across a majority of age groups. Pavlovian biases, therefore, play an important role in not only explaining motor decision-making behaviour but also the changes which occur through normal ageing. This provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms which shape motor decision-making across the lifespan. Decisions in everyday life often require weighing the probability of successfully executing an action (e.g., successfully crossing a street) against potential rewards and punishments. Although older individuals take fewer risks during such motor decision-making scenarios, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Similar age-related changes in economic decision-making are explained by a decrease in Pavlovian attraction toward reward. However, despite the role of Pavlovian biases in linking action with reward and avoidance with punishment, their impact on motor decision-making is unclear. To address this, we developed a novel app-based motor decision-making task (n = 26,532). We found that motor decision-making was subject to Pavlovian influences. Although we found age-related changes for both punishment and reward-based decision-making processes, the most striking effect of ageing was a decrease in the facilitatory effect of Pavlovian attraction on action in pursuit of reward. Using data from an independent economic decision task in the same individuals (n = 17,220), we demonstrate similar decision-making tendencies for motor and economic domains across a majority of age groups. Hence, Pavlovian biases play an essential role in not only explaining motor decision-making behaviour but also the changes which occur through normal ageing.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.017
发表时间：
2016-06-20
期刊：
Current biology : CB
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
影响因子：
19.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
Wu, G
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.2304
发表时间：
2011-07-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Frydman, Cary;Camerer, Colin;Rangel, Antonio
通讯作者：
Rangel, Antonio
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Karrer TM;Josef AK;Mata R;Morris ED;Samanez-Larkin GR
通讯作者：
Samanez-Larkin GR