Positive affective vocalizations during cocaine and sucrose self-administration: a model for spontaneous drug desire in rats.
Positive affective vocalizations during cocaine and sucrose self-administration: a model for spontaneous drug desire in rats.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.012
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Sorg BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Browning JR;Browning DA;Maxwell AO;Dong Y;Jansen HT;Panksepp J;Sorg BA
在50 kHz范围内的超声波发声（50 kHz USV）是由啮齿动物在激活积极的情感状态时发出的，似乎是寻求奖励刺激（如滥用药物）的内部情感和动机冲动的直接测量。由于这些行为反应不依赖于表达训练，它们可以被视为情感状态的“自发”测量。本研究的目的是在广泛使用的可卡因自我给药和成瘾和复发的恢复模型中监测自发USV。为了深入了解标准自我给药实验不同阶段的情感状态变化，我们在可卡因自我给药和恢复期间测量了大鼠的50 kHz USV，并将其与蔗糖自我给药和恢复进行了比较。在可卡因自我管理，50 kHz USV的数量增加超过收购的自我管理，并在灭绝过程中减少。此外，在可卡因实验中获得的第一天USV的数量与获得可卡因自我给药的速度呈正相关。这些研究结果表明，可卡因的初始情感反应可能是一个敏感的预测奖励刺激的动机功效，因此获得自我管理的可卡因的易感性。提示和可卡因诱导的恢复提高了50 kHz USVs以上的消光水平。当在整个2小时期间考虑USV时，训练用于蔗糖自我给药的大鼠在采集期间未显示USV升高，但当仅在该期间的前5分钟内考虑时，它们在采集期间确实显示USV升高。与可卡因诱导的恢复一样，蔗糖诱导的恢复与前一个灭绝日相比产生了显着更多的USV。总之，USV可以作为一种敏感和动态的非侵入性措施，自发地（即没有任何正式的强化应急）量化的程度，积极的影响是由奖励，如滥用药物。
Ultrasonic vocalizations in the 50 kHz range (50 kHz USVs) are emitted by rodents upon activation of positive affective states and appear to be a direct measure of internal emotional and motivational urges to seek rewarding stimuli such as drugs of abuse. Since these behavioral responses do not rely on training for expression, they can be viewed as a “spontaneous” measure of affective state. The goal of the present study was to monitor spontaneous USVs throughout a widely-used cocaine self-administration and reinstatement model of addiction and relapse. To gain insight into the changes in affective state across the different phases of a standard self-administration experiment, we measured 50 kHz USVs in rats during cocaine self-administration and reinstatement, and compared these to sucrose self-administration and reinstatement. During cocaine self-administration, the number of 50 kHz USVs increased over acquisition of self-administration and decreased during extinction. Furthermore, the number of USVs on the first day of acquisition in the cocaine experiment was positively correlated with how rapidly cocaine self-administration was acquired. These findings suggest that the initial affective response to cocaine may be a sensitive predictor of the motivational efficacy of rewarding stimuli and therefore the susceptibility to acquire self-administration of cocaine. Cue-and cocaine-induced reinstatement elevated 50 kHz USVs above extinction levels. Rats trained for sucrose self-administration showed no elevation in USVs during acquisition when USVs were considered over the entire 2 hr session, but they did show an elevation in USVs during acquisition when considered over only the first 5 min of the session. As with cocaine-induced reinstatement, sucrose-induced reinstatement produced significantly more USVs compared to the prior extinction day. Taken together, USVs may serve as a sensitive and dynamic noninvasive measure that spontaneously (i.e. without any formal reinforcement contingencies) quantifies the extent to which positive affect is elicited by rewards such as drugs of abuse.
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