Childhood conscientiousness predicts the social gradient of smoking in adulthood: a life course analysis.
Childhood conscientiousness predicts the social gradient of smoking in adulthood: a life course analysis.
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DOI：
10.1136/jech-2014-204263
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Bartley M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pluess M;Bartley M
吸烟的社会梯度是众所周知的，社会经济地位较低的人吸烟率较高。最近的一些研究报告说，人格特征部分解释了这种梯度。然而，大多数现有的工作是有限的横截面设计不适合确定是否在幸福感的差异是一个预测器或社会不平等的产物。采用生命历程的角度来看，我们在目前的文件中调查的影响，在早期和中期的吸烟的社会梯度和潜在的混杂因素的作用，在一个大型的纵向队列研究。利用1958年全国儿童发展研究的数据，我们研究了两种衡量吸烟的方法，一种是在50岁时用个性问卷进行评估，另一种是在16岁时用三个相关项目 进行评估，通过比较嵌套的逻辑回归模型，包括出生时的社会阶层，认知能力，7岁时的注意力和行为问题，以及教育资格。儿童吸烟是50岁时吸烟的重要预测因素（OR=0.86，CI（95%）0.84至0.88），解释了5.0%的社会梯度，独立于所有其他变量。 儿童吸烟是一个比成人吸烟更强的预测因子，统计学上解释了观察到的成人吸烟与吸烟的直接关联。尽责性可能是一个预测因素，而不是吸烟的社会差异的产物。纳入人格测量和采用生命历程的观点大大增加了我们对健康不平等的理解。
The social gradient in smoking is well known, with higher rates among those in less advantaged socioeconomic position. Some recent research has reported that personality characteristics partly explain this gradient. However, the majority of existing work is limited by cross-sectional designs unsuitable to determine whether differences in conscientiousness are a predictor or a product of social inequalities. Adopting a life course perspective, we investigated in the current paper the influence of conscientiousness in early and mid-life on the social gradient in smoking and the role of potential confounding factors in a large longitudinal cohort study. Using data from the 1958 National Child Development Study, we examined the extent to which two measures of conscientiousness, one assessed with a personality questionnaire at age 50 and one derived from three related items at 16 years in childhood, explained the social gradient of smoking at age 50 by comparing nested logistic regression models that included social class at birth, cognitive ability, attention and conduct problems at age 7, and educational qualification. Childhood conscientiousness was a significant predictor of smoking at 50 years (OR=0.86, CI (95%) 0.84 to 0.88), explaining 5.0% of the social gradient independent of all other variables. Childhood conscientiousness was a stronger predictor than adult conscientiousness, statistically accounting for the observed direct association of adult conscientiousness with smoking. Conscientiousness may be a predictor rather than a product of social differences in smoking. Inclusion of personality measures and adoption of a life course perspective add significantly to our understanding of health inequalities.
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