What can microbial genetics teach sociobiology?

What can microbial genetics teach sociobiology?
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tig.2006.12.003
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发表时间:
2007-02
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Thompson, Christopher R. L.
Thompson, Christopher R. L.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Foster, Kevin R.;Parkinson, Katie;Thompson, Christopher R. L.

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我们对社会生物学的理解取得了进展,但对社会特征背后的遗传机制知之甚少。然而,最近的几项研究描述了影响社会特征的微生物基因,从而将遗传学引入社会生物学。一个关键的发现是,简单的基因变化可以产生显著的社会后果,并且已经发现了影响欺骗和识别行为的突变。对这些突变体的研究证实了社会进化的一个核心理论预测:遗传相关性促进合作。微生物遗传学还提供了一个重要的新视角:社会有机体的基因组-表型图谱可能被组织起来,以限制社会骗子的进化。这种限制既可以通过将欺骗与个人成本联系起来的多效性基因来实现,也可以通过凤凰基因的存在来实现,凤凰基因将合作系统从自私和破坏性的策略中拯救出来。这些新的见解显示了研究微生物的力量,以提高我们对合作进化的理解。
Progress in our understanding of sociobiology has occurred with little knowledge of the genetic mechanisms that underlie social traits. However, several recent studies have described microbial genes that affect social traits, thereby bringing genetics to sociobiology. A key finding is that simple genetic changes can have marked social consequences, and mutations that affect cheating and recognition behaviors have been discovered. The study of these mutants confirms a central theoretical prediction of social evolution: that genetic relatedness promotes cooperation. Microbial genetics also provides an important new perspective: that the genome-to-phenome mapping of social organisms might be organized to constrain the evolution of social cheaters. This constraint can occur both through pleiotropic genes that link cheating to a personal cost and through the existence of phoenix genes, which rescue cooperative systems from selfish and destructive strategies. These new insights show the power of studying microorganisms to improve our understanding of the evolution of cooperation.
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