Salient safety conditioning improves novel discrimination learning.
Salient safety conditioning improves novel discrimination learning.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112907
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发表时间：
2021-01-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Likhtik E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nahmoud I;Vasquez JG;Cho H;Dennis-Tiwary T;Likhtik E
广泛性恐惧是一种据称的焦虑机制，是临床和基础研究的目标。恐惧歧视受损主要是从恐惧学习增加的角度来研究的，而不是从学习非威胁性刺激如何影响恐惧歧视的角度。为了解决这个问题，我们测试了三种不同显著程度的安全条件反射方案如何分配给安全线索，与经典恐惧条件反射相比，它们对随后的先天焦虑的影响，以及对新的厌恶和中性线索的不同恐惧学习。使用高焦虑小鼠品系（129SvEv, Taconic），我们发现恐惧条件反射动物在24小时后对开放区域的焦虑中心的探索很少，并且在7天后的新差异条件反射中辨别能力较差。三组小鼠进行了安全调节，(i)安全音与电击不配对，（ii）安全音与电击不配对，并与安全期结束的房屋灯共同结束，（iii）安全音与电击不配对，其开始与房屋灯共同发生，标志着安全期的开始。在训练24小时后，所有安全条件组的老鼠都比恐惧条件组的老鼠表现出更高的野外探索水平。此外，安全条件下的动物表现出对新的非威胁的辨别学习，突出开端安全条件组表现最好。这些发现表明，高焦虑动物从显著安全训练中受益，可以提高对新的非威胁性刺激的探索和辨别能力。
Generalized fear is one purported mechanism of anxiety that is a target of clinical and basic research. Impaired fear discrimination has been primarily examined from the perspective of increased fear learning, rather than how learning about non-threatening stimuli affects fear discrimination. To address this question, we tested how three Safety Conditioning protocols with varied levels of salience allocated to the safety cue compared to classic Fear Conditioning in their impact on subsequent innate anxiety, and differential fear learning of new aversive and neutral cues. Using a high anxiety strain of mice (129SvEv, Taconic), we show that Fear Conditioned animals show little exploration of the anxiogenic center of an open field 24 hours later, and poor discrimination during new differential conditioning 7 days later. Three groups of mice underwent Safety Conditioning, (i) the safety tone was unpaired with a shock, (ii) the safety tone was unpaired with the shock and co-terminated with a house light signaling the end of the safety period, and (iii) the safety tone was unpaired with the shock and its beginning co-occurred with a house light, signaling the start of a safety period. Mice from all Safety Conditioning groups showed higher levels of open field exploration than the Fear Conditioned mice 24 hours after training. Furthermore, Safety Conditioned animals showed improved discrimination learning of a novel non-threat, with the Salient Beginning safety conditioned group performing best. These findings indicate that high anxiety animals benefit from salient safety training to improve exploration and discrimination of new non-threating stimuli.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Guo W;Robert B;Polley DB
通讯作者：
Polley DB
在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧：恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Genud-Gabai, Rotem;Klavir, Oded;Paz, Rony
通讯作者：
Paz, Rony
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fonio, Ehud;Benjamini, Yoav;Golani, Ilan
通讯作者：
Golani, Ilan
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Grewe BF;Gründemann J;Kitch LJ;Lecoq JA;Parker JG;Marshall JD;Larkin MC;Jercog PE;Grenier F;Li JZ;Lüthi A;Schnitzer MJ
通讯作者：
Schnitzer MJ