The Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Links Auditory Stimuli with Delayed Reinforcement to Support Learning.

The Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Links Auditory Stimuli with Delayed Reinforcement to Support Learning.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.024
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发表时间:
2019-09-25
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Polley DB
Polley DB
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guo W;Robert B;Polley DB

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动物学会恐惧伴随厌恶的非条件刺激(US)的条件性声音刺激(CS)。当 CS 诱发的活动与 US 诱发的基底前脑释放的乙酰胆碱暂时重叠时,听觉皮层 (ACx) 回路会重组以支持听觉恐惧学习。在这里,我们描述了强大的恐惧学习和乙酰胆碱依赖性 ACx 可塑性,即使 US 在 CS 偏移后延迟了几秒钟。在整个跟踪期间,持续的 CS 诱发尖峰并未弥补 5 秒的 CS-US 间隙。相反,在条件反射开始后几分钟内,光遗传学鉴定出编码厌恶性 US 的基底前脑神经元扩大了对 CS 的反应,并增加了与 ACx 的功能耦合。经过几天的调节,胆碱能基底前脑神经元的大量成像显示出持续的声音诱发活动,填补了美国之前 5 秒的无声间隙。这些发现确定了基底前脑的可塑性,支持感觉刺激和延迟强化之间的习得关联。
Animals learn to fear conditioned sound stimuli (CS) that accompany aversive unconditioned stimuli (US). Auditory cortex (ACx) circuits reorganize to support auditory fear learning when CS-evoked activity temporally overlaps with US-evoked acetylcholine release from the basal forebrain. Here, we describe robust fear learning and acetylcholine-dependent ACx plasticity even when the US is delayed by several seconds following CS offset. A 5s CS-US gap was not bridged by persistent CS-evoked spiking throughout the trace period. Instead, within minutes following the start of conditioning, optogenetically identified basal forebrain neurons that encode the aversive US scaled up responses to the CS and increased functional coupling with ACx. Over several days of conditioning, bulk imaging of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons revealed sustained sound-evoked activity that filled in the 5s silent gap preceding the US. These findings identify a plasticity in the basal forebrain that supports learned associations between sensory stimuli and delayed reinforcement.
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