Taking account of others' goals in social information use: Developmental changes in 3- to 7-year-old children.
Taking account of others' goals in social information use: Developmental changes in 3- to 7-year-old children.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105325
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Caldwell CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blakey KH;Atkinson M;Rafetseder E;Renner E;Caldwell CA
随着年龄的增长，社会信息的使用有所改善，但只是为了探索替代品。从4岁起，孩子们就能够解释别人的冲突动机。示范者和儿童目标的一致性并不影响表现。从6岁开始，孩子们可以推断出他人行为的结果。所有年龄段的人的模仿率都很低，即使这是适当的反应。在解释他人的行为时，将目标等心理状态考虑在内的能力被认为是人类使用社会信息的区别于其他动物的原因。如果是这样的话，孩子们的社会信息使用将随着他们对他人心理状态的理解的发展而改变。我们通过考虑他人的目标是否与自己的目标一致，探索了3至7岁儿童战略性使用社交信息的能力与年龄相关的变化。在观看木偶表演时，孩子们选择了一个胶囊，偷看了一眼里面，然后选择接受或拒绝，然后孩子们做出了自己的选择。孩子们从4岁左右就能够解释别人的冲突动机，并从6岁起可靠地推断出别人行为的结果。然而，无论示威者的目标是或不是，使用基于这种推断的社会信息似乎是具有挑战性的。与参与者一致。我们发现，社会信息的使用随着年龄的增长而改善，但是，这种改善仅限于适当的反应是避免复制示威者的选择的情况下。与以前的研究相反，适当的复制反应仍然是偶然的。这种意想不到的结果模式的可能解释进行了讨论。与解释他人目标的能力相关的认知挑战可能会为人类提供比其他动物更大的优势，因为人类有能力使用社会信息。
Social information use improved with age but only for exploration of alternatives. Children were able to account for others’ conflicting motivations from 4 years. Alignment of the demonstrator’s and children’s goals did not influence performance. From 6 years children could infer the outcome of others’ behaviour. Rates of copying were low at all ages, even when it was the appropriate response. The ability to take mental states such as goals into account when interpreting others’ behavior has been proposed to be what sets human use of social information apart from that of other animals. If so, children’s social information use would be expected to change as their understanding of others’ mental states develops. We explored age-related changes in 3- to 7-year-old children’s ability to strategically use social information by taking into account another’s goal when it was, or was not, aligned with their own. Children observed as a puppet demonstrator selected a capsule, peeked inside, and chose to accept or reject it, following which children made their own selection. Children were able to account for others’ conflicting motivations from around 4 years of age and reliably inferred the outcome of others’ behavior from 6 years. However, using social information based on such inferences appeared to be challenging regardless of whether the demonstrator’s goal was, or was not. aligned to that of the participant. We found that social information use improved with age; however, this improvement was restricted to cases in which the appropriate response was to avoid copying the demonstrator’s selection. In contrast to previous research, appropriate copying responses remained at chance. Possible explanations for this unexpected pattern of results are discussed. The cognitive challenge associated with the ability to account for others’ goals could offer humans a significant advantage over that of other animals in their ability to use social information.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2011.1172
发表时间：
2012-02-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Morgan, T. J. H.;Rendell, L. E.;Laland, K. N.
通讯作者：
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