Photodynamic nanomedicine in the treatment of solid tumors: perspectives and challenges.
Photodynamic nanomedicine in the treatment of solid tumors: perspectives and challenges.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.020
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发表时间：
2013-05-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sen Gupta A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Master A;Livingston M;Sen Gupta A
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种很有前景的治疗策略，其中用特定波长的光激活光敏剂药物会导致能量传递级联反应，最终产生细胞毒性活性氧物质，从而导致细胞凋亡和坏死。在没有光的情况下，光敏剂药物毒性极小，而且光激活光本身是非电离的。因此，在肿瘤中利用这种机制为选择性根除肿瘤提供了一种安全且新颖的方法，可降低对健康组织的全身毒性和副作用。对于实体肿瘤的成功光动力治疗，有必要确保光敏剂的肿瘤选择性递送以及光激活光的递送，并建立光和药物参数与光动力治疗诱导的肿瘤反应的剂量学相关性。为此，纳米医学方法为增强对光敏剂生物分布和肿瘤选择性递送的控制提供了一种有前景的途径。此外，对纳米颗粒设计的改进还可以使其结合成像剂、光传递组件和剂量学组件。本综述旨在描述光动力疗法中纳米医学策略的当前最新进展，全面叙述在体外和体内进行的研究，讨论纳米制剂设计方面的问题，并对光动力疗法成功转化为临床应用的前景和挑战进行展望。
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment strategy where activation of photosensitizer drugs with specific wavelengths of light results in energy transfer cascades that ultimately yield cytotoxic reactive oxygen species which can render apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Without light the photosensitizer drugs are minimally toxic and the photoactivating light itself is non-ionizing. Therefore, harnessing this mechanism in tumors provides a safe and novel way to selectively eradicate tumor with reduced systemic toxicity and side effects on healthy tissues. For successful PDT of solid tumors, it is necessary to ensure tumor-selective delivery of the photosensitizers, as well as, the photoactivating light and to establish dosimetric correlation of light and drug parameters to PDT-induced tumor response. To this end, the nanomedicine approach provides a promising way towards enhanced control of photosensitizer biodistribution and tumor-selective delivery. In addition, refinement of nanoparticle designs can also allow incorporation of imaging agents, light delivery components and dosimetric components. This review aims at describing the current state-of-the-art regarding nanomedicine strategies in PDT, with a comprehensive narrative of the research that has been carried out in vitro and in vivo, with a discussion of the nanoformulation design aspects and a perspective on the promise and challenges of PDT regarding successful translation into clinical application.
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