Design and Numerical Analysis of a Graphene-Coated SPR Biosensor for Rapid Detection of the Novel Coronavirus.
Design and Numerical Analysis of a Graphene-Coated SPR Biosensor for Rapid Detection of the Novel Coronavirus.
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DOI：
10.3390/s21103491
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发表时间：
2021-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kouzani AZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akib TBA;Mou SF;Rahman MM;Rana MM;Islam MR;Mehedi IM;Mahmud MAP;Kouzani AZ
提出了一种基于高灵敏度石墨烯多层膜(BK7/Au/PtSe2/石墨烯)的表面等离子体共振生物传感器，用于新型冠状病毒(新冠肺炎)的快速检测。所提出的传感器是基于全内反射(TIR)技术建立的，用于实时检测传感区域的配体-分析物固定化。由于不同浓度的配体-分析物的相互作用，传感区域的折射率(RI)会发生变化，从而影响多层传感器界面的表面等离子激元(SPPs)激发。利用传输矩阵法(TMM)和时域有限差分法(FDTD)对该传感器的性能进行了数值研究。拟议的SPR生物传感器提供对新冠肺炎病毒的快速和准确的早期诊断，这对限制大流行的传播至关重要。此外，还以不同的配基-分析物对该传感器的性能进行了研究：(I)以单抗为配基，以新冠肺炎病毒刺突受体结合域为分析物；(Ii)以病毒刺突受体结合域为配基，以病毒抗刺蛋白(Ig M、Ig G)为分析物；(Iii)以特定探针为配基，以新冠肺炎病毒单一标准核糖核酸为分析物。研究结果表明，该传感器对新冠肺炎病毒的SPR角和SPR频率的灵敏度分别为183.33°/θ和833.33THZ/RIU，对抗尖峰蛋白的灵敏度分别为153.85°/RIU和726.50THz/RIU，对病毒核糖核酸的检测灵敏度分别为140.35°/RIU和500THz/RIU。结果表明，全病毒峰RBD检测灵敏度高于其他两种检测方法。高灵敏度的二维(2D)材料被用来显著增强传统SPR传感器的Goos-Hänchen(GH)移位检测灵敏度和等离子体性质。该传感器成功地传感了新冠肺炎病毒，并由于增加了石墨烯层而提供了额外的(1+0.55)×L倍的灵敏度。此外，从检测精度(DA)、品质因数(FOM)、信噪比(SNR)和品质因数(QF)等方面对该传感器的性能进行了分析。基于其性能分析，预计与传统传感器相比，所提出的传感器可以减少冗长的程序、假阳性结果和临床成本。使用TMM算法对所提出的传感器模型的性能进行了检验，并用FDTD技术进行了验证。
In this paper, a highly sensitive graphene-based multiple-layer (BK7/Au/PtSe2/Graphene) coated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is proposed for the rapid detection of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). The proposed sensor was modeled on the basis of the total internal reflection (TIR) technique for real-time detection of ligand-analyte immobilization in the sensing region. The refractive index (RI) of the sensing region is changed due to the interaction of different concentrations of the ligand-analyte, thus impacting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excitation of the multi-layer sensor interface. The performance of the proposed sensor was numerically investigated by using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The proposed SPR biosensor provides fast and accurate early-stage diagnosis of the COVID-19 virus, which is crucial in limiting the spread of the pandemic. In addition, the performance of the proposed sensor was investigated numerically with different ligand-analytes: (i) the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as ligand and the COVID-19 virus spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as analyte, (ii) the virus spike RBD as ligand and the virus anti-spike protein (IgM, IgG) as analyte and (iii) the specific probe as ligand and the COVID-19 virus single-standard ribonucleic acid (RNA) as analyte. After the investigation, the sensitivity of the proposed sensor was found to provide 183.33°/refractive index unit (RIU) in SPR angle (θSPR) and 833.33THz/RIU in SPR frequency (SPRF) for detection of the COVID-19 virus spike RBD; the sensitivity obtained 153.85°/RIU in SPR angle and 726.50THz/RIU in SPRF for detection of the anti-spike protein, and finally, the sensitivity obtained 140.35°/RIU in SPR angle and 500THz/RIU in SPRF for detection of viral RNA. It was observed that whole virus spike RBD detection sensitivity is higher than that of the other two detection processes. Highly sensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials were used to achieve significant enhancement in the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift detection sensitivity and plasmonic properties of the conventional SPR sensor. The proposed sensor successfully senses the COVID-19 virus and offers additional (1 + 0.55) × L times sensitivity owing to the added graphene layers. Besides, the performance of the proposed sensor was analyzed based on detection accuracy (DA), the figure of merit (FOM), signal-noise ratio (SNR), and quality factor (QF). Based on its performance analysis, it is expected that the proposed sensor may reduce lengthy procedures, false positive results, and clinical costs, compared to traditional sensors. The performance of the proposed sensor model was checked using the TMM algorithm and validated by the FDTD technique.
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