Reductions in Retrieval Competition Predict the Benefit of Repeated Testing.
Reductions in Retrieval Competition Predict the Benefit of Repeated Testing.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-29686-y
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发表时间：
2018-08-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Norman KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rafidi NS;Hulbert JC;Brooks PP;Norman KA
与重复学习相比，重复测试可以改善长期记忆保留，但这种改善的机制仍然存在争议。在这项工作中，我们测试的假设，检索实践有利于随后的回忆减少竞争相关的记忆。这一假设意味着，检索实践尝试之间的竞争减少的程度应该预测随后的记忆实践项目。为了验证这一预测，我们收集了两次会议的脑电图（EEG）数据。在第一次会议上，参与者练习选择性地检索样本的上位语义类别（高竞争），以及检索的上位类别的名称从样本（低竞争）。在第二次会议上，参与者反复学习和测试斯瓦希里语-英语词汇。第二次会议后一周，参与者再次接受词汇测试。我们在第一阶段的数据上训练了一个受试者内分类器，以区分高竞争状态和低竞争状态。然后，我们使用这个分类器来衡量在第二次会议上多次成功的检索实践尝试的竞争变化。对于一个给定的词汇，竞争减少的程度可以预测它是否在第三次会议中被记住。这些结果与重复测试通过减少竞争来提高保留率的假设是一致的。
Repeated testing leads to improved long-term memory retention compared to repeated study, but the mechanism underlying this improvement remains controversial. In this work, we test the hypothesis that retrieval practice benefits subsequent recall by reducing competition from related memories. This hypothesis implies that the degree of reduction in competition between retrieval practice attempts should predict subsequent memory for practiced items. To test this prediction, we collected electroencephalography (EEG) data across two sessions. In the first session, participants practiced selectively retrieving exemplars from superordinate semantic categories (high competition), as well as retrieving the names of the superordinate categories from exemplars (low competition). In the second session, participants repeatedly studied and were tested on Swahili-English vocabulary. One week after session two, participants were again tested on the vocabulary. We trained a within-subject classifier on the data from session one to distinguish high and low competition states. We then used this classifier to measure the change in competition across multiple successful retrieval practice attempts in the second session. The degree to which competition decreased for a given vocabulary word predicted whether it was subsequently remembered in the third session. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that repeated testing improves retention by reducing competition.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.20.5.1063
发表时间：
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作者：
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