Ecological Research for Studies of Violence: A Methodological Guide.

Ecological Research for Studies of Violence: A Methodological Guide.
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DOI:
10.1177/0886260519871528
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发表时间:
2019-12
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Goldstick, Jason
Goldstick, Jason
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zeoli, April M.;Paruk, Jennifer K.;Pizarro, Jesenia M.;Goldstick, Jason

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生态学研究对于研究社区暴力问题十分重要。短语“生态研究”和“生态研究”描述了那些使用分组或地理分析单位的研究,如邮政编码,城市或州。这种类型的研究允许对群体水平的影响进行调查,如果研究人员使用现有数据,则可以进行廉价和相对快速的研究。而且,重要的是,生态研究是一种有效的手段,假设生成之前,并可以用来证明,昂贵的个人层面的研究。当研究问题是在人口一级时,出于理论原因,或当暴露或干预是在人口一级时,或当个人一级的研究不可行时,可以采用生态研究设计来研究暴力后果;但是,生态研究结果不得用于进行个人一级的推论。本文将讨论进行生态层面研究的原因,选择生态分析单位的指导方针,经常使用的研究设计,生态研究的常见局限性,包括生态谬误,以及使用现有数据时需要考虑的问题。
Ecological research is important to the study of violence in communities. The phrases “ecological research” and “ecologic study” describe those research studies that use grouped or geographic units of analysis, such as zip codes, cities, or states. This type of research allows for the investigation of group-level effects and can be inexpensive and relatively quick to conduct if the researcher uses existing data. And, importantly, ecological studies are an efficient means for hypothesis generation prior to, and can be used to justify, costlier individual-level studies. Ecological research designs may be employed to study violence outcomes when the research question is at the population level, either for theoretical reasons, or when an exposure or intervention is at the population level, or when individual-level studies are not feasible; however, ecological research results must not be used to make individual-level inferences. This article will discuss reasons to conduct ecological-level research, guidelines for choosing the ecological unit of analysis, frequently used research designs, common limitations of ecological research, including the ecological fallacy, and issues to consider when using existing data.
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