Females and males are highly similar in language performance and cortical activation patterns during verb generation.
Females and males are highly similar in language performance and cortical activation patterns during verb generation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2011.05.014
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Szaflarski, Jerzy P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allendorfer, Jane B.;Lindsell, Christopher J.;Siegel, Miriam;Banks, Christi L.;Vannest, Jennifer;Holland, Scott K.;Szaflarski, Jerzy P.
在控制成绩的情况下，测试动词生成过程中皮层激活的性别差异的存在。20名男性和20名女性健康成年人接受了功能磁共振成像，使用的是隐蔽动词生成任务(BD-VGT)及其事件相关版本(ER-VGT)，该任务允许在扫描仪内记录公开的反应。使用以下对比来确定特定任务的激活：BD-VGT显性生成>；手指敲击；ER-VGT显性生成>；重复；ER-VGT显性生成>；隐蔽生成。每次对比时激活的外侧皮质区域用于计算语言偏侧化指数得分。使用体素回归分析来确定激活的性别差异，包括控制和不控制表现。表现出ER-VGT显性生成和重复(隔离名词-动词联想)的男性/女性激活差异的每个脑区被定义为感兴趣区(ROI)。对于每个受试者，提取每个ROI中的信号变化，并分别评估与名词-动词联想相关的ER-VGT激活与每个性别的表现之间的关联。男性和女性在语言评估上的表现相似，语言偏侧化的模式相似，并且在每个fMRI任务对比中表现出类似的激活模式。对显性内部扫描仪性能进行控制的回归分析取消(BD-VGT)或减少(ER-VGT)观察到的性别之间的激活差异。性别差异主要发生在名词-动词联想的ER-VGT加工过程中，在控制操作后，男性在右侧额中上回(MFG/SFG)和右侧尾状回/扣带前回(ACG)的激活程度高于女性。更好的动词生成表现与男性右侧尾状核/ACG激活增加和女性右侧MFG/SFG激活增加相关。在动词生成功能磁共振成像中，男性和女性表现出相似的激活模式，控制扫描仪内的操作减少甚至消除了语言相关激活的性别差异。这些结果表明，以前在没有控制任务绩效的神经成像研究中发现的性别差异可能反映了假阳性。
To test the existence of sex differences in cortical activation during verb generation when performance is controlled for. 20 male and 20 female healthy adults underwent fMRI using a covert verb generation task (BD-VGT) and its event-related version (ER-VGT) that allowed for intra-scanner recordings of overt responses. Task-specific activations were determined using the following contrasts: BD-VGT covert generation>finger-tapping; ER-VGT overt generation>repetition; ER-VGT overt>covert generation. Lateral cortical regions activated during each contrast were used for calculating language lateralization index scores. Voxelwise regressions were used to determine sex differences in activation, with and without controlling for performance. Each brain region showing male/female activation differences for ER-VGT overt generation>repetition (isolating noun-verb association) was defined as a region of interest (ROI). For each subject, the signal change in each ROI was extracted, and the association between ER-VGT activation related to noun-verb association and performance was assessed separately for each sex. Males and females performed similarly on language assessments, had similar patterns of language lateralization, and exhibited similar activation patterns for each fMRI task contrast. Regression analysis controlling for overt intra-scanner performance either abolished (BD-VGT) or reduced (ER-VGT) the observed differences in activation between sexes. The main difference between sexes occurred during ER-VGT processing of noun-verb associations, where males showed greater activation than females in the right middle/superior frontal gyrus (MFG/SFG) and the right caudate/anterior cingulate gyrus (aCG) after controlling for performance. Better verb generation performance was associated with increased right caudate/aCG activation in males and with increased right MFG/SFG activation in females. Males and females exhibit similar activation patterns during verb generation fMRI, and controlling for intra-scanner performance reduces or even abolishes sex differences in language-related activation. These results suggest that previous findings of sex differences in neuroimaging studies that did not control for task performance may reflect false positives.
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