Building Self-Control Strength: Practicing Self-Control Leads to Improved Self-Control Performance.
Building Self-Control Strength: Practicing Self-Control Leads to Improved Self-Control Performance.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.011
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Muraven, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muraven, Mark
通过经常练习一些小的自我控制行为，可以提高自我控制的表现。在92名成年人开始练习自我控制之前和两周结束时，使用停止信号范式对他们的自我控制能力进行了评估。与那些练习不需要自我控制的任务的参与者相比，通过减少甜食或挤压手柄来练习自我控制的参与者在停车信号方面的表现有了显著的改善。没有练习自我控制的参与者认为，这些任务应该提高自我控制能力，从事那些努力的任务，使自我控制突出，但实际上并不需要自我控制。补充分析表明，只有练习自我控制才能建立自我控制能力；改善的结果不能用自我实现的预言、增加的自我效能感或自我控制意识来解释。这一结果可能对理解儿童和成人的自我控制能力的发展有意义，也可能对治疗涉及低自我控制能力的疾病有临床意义。
Self-control performance may be improved by the regular practice of small acts of self-control. Ninety-two adults’ self-control capacity was assessed using the stop signal paradigm before they started practicing self-control and again at the end of two weeks. Participants who practiced self-control by cutting back on sweets or squeezing a handgrip exhibited significant improvement in stop signal performance relative to those who practiced tasks that did not require self-control. Participants who did not practice self-control believed that the tasks should improved self-control, engaged in tasks that were effortful and made self-control salient, but did not actually require self-control. Supplemental analyses suggested that only practicing self-control built self-control capacity; the improved outcomes cannot be explained by self-fulfilling prophecies, increased self-efficacy or awareness of self-control. The results may have implications for understanding the development of self-control in both children and adults, as well as clinical implications for treating disorders that involve low self-control.
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