A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development.
A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011
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发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Chang SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Etchell A;Adhikari A;Weinberg LS;Choo AL;Garnett EO;Chow HM;Chang SE
儿童语言发展的性别差异程度尚不清楚。我们进行了系统的文献综述，综合了儿童时期与语言发展相关的大脑结构和功能的性别差异研究的结果。我们搜索了PubMed和Scope us数据库，结果总共返回了46项已发表的研究，这些研究符合纳入标准，直接检查了与儿童语言功能相关的大脑发育的性别差异。结果表明：(A)大脑结构或功能的性别差异并不一定导致语言任务表现的差异；(B)大脑和语言发展的性别差异的证据有限；(C)性别差异的存在往往与年龄和任务等各种因素相互作用。总体而言，与语言相关的大脑发育轨迹的性别二形性的程度并不像之前认为的那么重要。然而，在采用更窄年龄范围的研究中发现了性别差异。这表明，性别差异在某些发育阶段可能更加突出，但在其他阶段可以忽略不计，这可能是由于性别之间不同的成熟率。需要更多的研究来提高我们对性别差异是如何由性激素和发育阶段的影响而产生的，以及这些差异如何导致不同语言任务表现的差异的理解。这些研究有望提供标准化的信息，可用于研究神经发育障碍，这些障碍经常影响男性多于女性，也经常影响语言发育。
The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex differences in brain structure and function relevant to language development during childhood. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases, and this returned a total of 46 published studies meeting criteria for inclusion that directly examined sex differences in brain development relevant to language function in children. The results indicate that: (a) sex differences in brain structure or function do not necessarily lead to differences in language task performance; (b) evidence for sex differences in brain and language development are limited; (c) when present, sex differences often interact with a variety of factors such as age and task. Overall, the magnitude of sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories associated with language is not as significant as previously thought. Sex differences were found, however, in studies employing tighter age ranges. This suggests that sex differences may be more prominent during certain developmental stages but are negligible in other stages, likely due to different rates of maturation between the sexes. More research is needed to improve our understanding of how sex differences may arise due to the influence of sex hormones and developmental stages, and how these differences may lead to differences in various language task performance. These studies are expected to provide normative information that may be used in studies examining neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently affect more males than females, and also often affect language development.
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