Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement.
Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement.
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.12003
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发表时间：
2013-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Clark DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasler BP;Clark DB
青春期发生的睡眠和昼夜节律的发育变化可能会导致与奖励相关的大脑功能障碍，从而增加酒精使用障碍（AUD）的风险。这篇综述（a）描述了青春期发生的昼夜节律、奖励相关行为和大脑功能以及酒精参与的显着变化，（b）提供了这些平行发育变化相关的证据，（c）提出了一个概念模型，通过该模型，睡眠-觉醒时间和内源性昼夜节律时间之间的不一致可能会通过改变与奖励相关的大脑功能来增加青少年 AUD 的风险。整个青春期的睡眠时间会变晚，部分原因是内源性昼夜节律的发育变化，这种变化往往会变得更加延迟。这种睡眠和昼夜节律延迟的趋势与中学教育期间较早的开学时间不一致，导致许多青少年的睡眠-觉醒时间表与其内部昼夜节律时间不一致。昼夜节律失调与饮酒和其他冒险行为以及睡眠不足和睡眠障碍有关。越来越多的证据表明昼夜节律调节奖励系统，这表明昼夜节律失调可能通过改变与奖励相关的大脑功能来影响青少年酗酒。神经认知功能也受到睡眠和昼夜节律的影响，因此昼夜节律失调也可能损害抑制控制和与饮酒相关的其他认知过程。具体来说，昼夜节律失调可能会进一步加剧奖励回路内的皮质-皮质下不平衡，这种不平衡被认为可以解释青春期冒险和感觉寻求的增加。然而，青少年饮酒具有高度的背景性，因此测试该模型的研究还需要考虑可能影响昼夜节律失调和饮酒的因素。这篇综述强调了越来越多的证据支持昼夜节律失调可能扰乱奖励机制的路径，这反过来可能加速弱势青少年从饮酒到澳元的转变。
Developmental changes in sleep and circadian rhythms that occur during adolescence may contribute to reward-related brain dysfunction, and consequently increase the risk of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). This review (a) describes marked changes in circadian rhythms, reward-related behavior and brain function, and alcohol involvement that occur during adolescence, (b) offers evidence that these parallel developmental changes are associated, and (c) posits a conceptual model by which misalignment between sleep-wake timing and endogenous circadian timing may increase the risk of adolescent AUDs by altering reward-related brain function. The timing of sleep shifts later throughout adolescence, in part due to developmental changes in endogenous circadian rhythms, which tend to become more delayed. This tendency for delayed sleep and circadian rhythms is at odds with early school start times during secondary education, leading to misalignment between many adolescents’ sleep-wake schedules and their internal circadian timing. Circadian misalignment is associated with increased alcohol use and other risk-taking behaviors, as well as sleep loss and sleep disturbance. Growing evidence indicates that circadian rhythms modulate the reward system, suggesting that circadian misalignment may impact adolescent alcohol involvement by altering reward-related brain function. Neurocognitive function is also subject to sleep and circadian influence, and thus circadian misalignment may also impair inhibitory control and other cognitive processes relevant to alcohol use. Specifically, circadian misalignment may further exacerbate the cortical-subcortical imbalance within the reward circuit, an imbalance thought to explain increased risk-taking and sensation-seeking during adolescence. Adolescent alcohol use is highly contexualized, however, and thus studies testing this model will also need to consider factors that may influence both circadian misalignment and alcohol use. This review highlights growing evidence supporting a path by which circadian misalignment may disrupt reward mechanisms, which may in turn accelerate the transition from alcohol use to AUDs in vulnerable adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1308.032
发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
ADOLESCENT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT: VULNERABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Carskadon, MA;Acebo, C;Jenni, OG
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2009.11.006
发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
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