Monetary rewards modulate inhibitory control.
Monetary rewards modulate inhibitory control.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2014.00257
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bekinschtein TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herrera PM;Speranza M;Hampshire A;Bekinschtein TA
超越主导反应的能力，通常被称为行为抑制，被认为是执行认知的关键要素。行为抑制能力差是几个神经和精神病人群的定义特征。最近，人们对行为抑制的动机维度越来越感兴趣，一些实验将情绪偶然性纳入经典抑制范式，如Go/NoGo和停止信号任务（SST）。一些研究报告了奖励对病理条件下的表现的积极调节作用，如药物滥用，病理性赌博和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。然而，直接研究奖励幅度对抑制性任务性能的调节作用的实验很少，并且对动机和抑制性控制之间的细粒度关系知之甚少。在这里，我们探讨了奖励的大小和环境对行为抑制的影响与广泛使用的SST的三个修改版本。试点研究比较了抑制性能在六块交替中性反馈，低，中，高的金钱奖励。研究一比较了增加与减少奖励，低，高奖励和中性反馈;而研究二比较了低和高奖励幅度单独也在增加和减少奖励设计。试点研究中没有证明奖励幅度效应，这可能是由于在这项漫长的任务中练习引起的学习效应。奖励效应本身很弱，但研究一中明确提出了背景（奖励顺序），并在研究二中得到了特别强烈的证实。此外，这些调查结果显示，全球业绩计量存在“启动效应”。具体来说，当参与者在协议开始时获得最高奖励幅度时，整个任务的表现都有长期持续的改善。这些结果表明，在人类的动态行为抑制能力，如所示的奖励幅度调制和初始奖励历史的影响。
The ability to override a dominant response, often referred to as behavioral inhibition, is considered a key element of executive cognition. Poor behavioral inhibition is a defining characteristic of several neurological and psychiatric populations. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the motivational dimension of behavioral inhibition, with some experiments incorporating emotional contingencies in classical inhibitory paradigms such as the Go/NoGo and Stop Signal Tasks (SSTs). Several studies have reported a positive modulatory effect of reward on performance in pathological conditions such as substance abuse, pathological gambling, and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). However, experiments that directly investigate the modulatory effects of reward magnitudes on the performance of inhibitory tasks are scarce and little is known about the finer grained relationship between motivation and inhibitory control. Here we probed the effect of reward magnitude and context on behavioral inhibition with three modified versions of the widely used SST. The pilot study compared inhibition performance during six blocks alternating neutral feedback, low, medium, and high monetary rewards. Study One compared increasing vs. decreasing rewards, with low, high rewards, and neutral feedback; whilst Study Two compared low and high reward magnitudes alone also in an increasing and decreasing reward design. The reward magnitude effect was not demonstrated in the pilot study, probably due to a learning effect induced by practice in this lengthy task. The reward effect per se was weak but the context (order of reward) was clearly suggested in Study One, and was particularly strongly confirmed in study two. In addition, these findings revealed a “kick start effect” over global performance measures. Specifically, there was a long lasting improvement in performance throughout the task when participants received the highest reward magnitudes at the beginning of the protocol. These results demonstrate a dynamical behavioral inhibition capacity in humans, as illustrated by the reward magnitude modulation and initial reward history effects.
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