Bioengineering extracellular vesicles: smart nanomaterials for bone regeneration.
Bioengineering extracellular vesicles: smart nanomaterials for bone regeneration.
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生物工程细胞外囊泡：用于骨再生的智能纳米材料。
DOI：
10.1186/s12951-023-01895-2
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发表时间：
2023-04-27
影响因子：
10.2
通讯作者：
Cox, Sophie C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Man, Kenny;Eisenstein, Neil M.;Hoey, David A.;Cox, Sophie C.
在过去的十年中，细胞外囊泡（EV）已成为骨发育，稳态和修复的关键调节因子。基于EV的疗法有可能绕过阻碍基于细胞的疗法转化的关键问题，包括功能性组织移植、不受控制的分化和免疫原性问题。由于EV的先天生物相容性、低免疫原性和高理化稳定性，这些天然来源的纳米颗粒作为用于各种疾病的潜在非细胞纳米级治疗剂引起了越来越多的兴趣。我们对这些细胞源性纳米颗粒所起作用的了解越来越多，使它们成为开发用于骨修复的新型促再生疗法的令人兴奋的焦点。尽管这些纳米囊泡已经显示出前景，但由于EV供应链中的几个挑战，它们的临床转化受到阻碍，最终影响治疗效果和产量。从亲本细胞的生物化学和生物物理刺激到向可规模化制造的转变或体内最大化囊泡治疗反应，已经采用了多种技术来提高EV的临床疗效。这篇综述探讨了最先进的生物工程策略，以促进囊泡的治疗效用超出其天然能力，从而最大限度地发挥这些促再生纳米级治疗骨修复的临床潜力。
In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of bone development, homeostasis and repair. EV-based therapies have the potential to circumnavigate key issues hindering the translation of cell-based therapies including functional tissue engraftment, uncontrolled differentiation and immunogenicity issues. Due to EVs’ innate biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high physiochemical stability, these naturally-derived nanoparticles have garnered growing interest as potential acellular nanoscale therapeutics for a variety of diseases. Our increasing knowledge of the roles these cell-derived nanoparticles play, has made them an exciting focus in the development of novel pro-regenerative therapies for bone repair. Although these nano-sized vesicles have shown promise, their clinical translation is hindered due to several challenges in the EV supply chain, ultimately impacting therapeutic efficacy and yield. From the biochemical and biophysical stimulation of parental cells to the transition to scalable manufacture or maximising vesicles therapeutic response in vivo, a multitude of techniques have been employed to improve the clinical efficacy of EVs. This review explores state of the art bioengineering strategies to promote the therapeutic utility of vesicles beyond their native capacity, thus maximising the clinical potential of these pro-regenerative nanoscale therapeutics for bone repair.
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