Working memory and reward association learning impairments in obesity.
Working memory and reward association learning impairments in obesity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.004
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发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Small, Dana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coppin, Geraldine;Nolan-Poupart, Sarah;Jones-Gotman, Marilyn;Small, Dana M.
关键词：
肥胖与包括工作记忆在内的执行功能受损有关。较少探讨的是肥胖对学习和记忆的影响。在本研究中，我们评估了健康体重，超重和肥胖个体的刺激奖励关联学习，外显学习和记忆以及工作记忆。外显学习和记忆没有不同的功能组。相比之下，与健康体重组相比，超重和肥胖个体的工作记忆明显受损。在第一个奖励关联学习任务中，肥胖，但不是健康体重或超重的参与者一致形成了与负面结果（较少的食物奖励）相关的模式的自相矛盾的偏好。为了确定赤字是否是特定于食物奖励的第二个实验使用金钱进行。与实验1一致，肥胖个体比健康体重个体更频繁地选择与负面结果（较少的金钱奖励）相关的模式，因此未能像在健康体重组中观察到的那样对最有奖励的模式产生显著偏好。最后，在概率学习任务中，与健康体重个体相比，肥胖个体在消极结果学习中表现出缺陷，但不是积极结果学习。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，肥胖者的工作记忆和刺激奖励学习存在缺陷，并表明肥胖者在学习以避免负面结果方面受损。
Obesity has been associated with impaired executive functions including working memory. Less explored is the influence of obesity on learning and memory. In the current study we assessed stimulus reward association learning, explicit learning and memory and working memory in healthy weight, overweight and obese individuals. Explicit learning and memory did not differ as a function of group. In contrast, working memory was significantly and similarly impaired in both overweight and obese individuals compared to the healthy weight group. In the first reward association learning task the obese, but not healthy weight or overweight participants consistently formed paradoxical preferences for a pattern associated with a negative outcome (fewer food rewards). To determine if the deficit was specific to food reward a second experiment was conducted using money. Consistent with experiment 1, obese individuals selected the pattern associated with a negative outcome (fewer monetary rewards) more frequently than healthy weight individuals and thus failed to develop a significant preference for the most rewarded patterns as was observed in the healthy weight group. Finally, on a probabilistic learning task, obese compared to healthy weight individuals showed deficits in negative, but not positive outcome learning. Taken together, our results demonstrate deficits in working memory and stimulus reward learning in obesity and suggest that obese individuals are impaired in learning to avoid negative outcomes.
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