Long-term effects of cannabis on brain structure.
Long-term effects of cannabis on brain structure.
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DOI:
10.1038/npp.2014.67
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发表时间:
2014-08
期刊:
影响因子:
--
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中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
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The dose-dependent toxicity of the main psychoactive component of cannabis in brain regions rich in cannabinoid CB1 receptors is well known in animal studies. However, research in humans does not show common findings across studies regarding the brain regions that are affected after long-term exposure to cannabis. In the present study, we investigate (using Voxel-based Morphometry) gray matter changes in a group of regular cannabis smokers in comparison with a group of occasional smokers matched by the years of cannabis use. We provide evidence that regular cannabis use is associated with gray matter volume reduction in the medial temporal cortex, temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex; these regions are rich in cannabinoid CB1 receptors and functionally associated with motivational, emotional, and affective processing. Furthermore, these changes correlate with the frequency of cannabis use in the 3 months before inclusion in the study. The age of onset of drug use also influences the magnitude of these changes. Significant gray matter volume reduction could result either from heavy consumption unrelated to the age of onset or instead from recreational cannabis use initiated at an adolescent age. In contrast, the larger gray matter volume detected in the cerebellum of regular smokers without any correlation with the monthly consumption of cannabis may be related to developmental (ontogenic) processes that occur in adolescence.
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影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Connolly CG;Bell RP;Foxe JJ;Garavan H
通讯作者:
Garavan H
影响因子:
4.7
作者:
Denier N;Schmidt A;Gerber H;Schmid O;Riecher-Rössler A;Wiesbeck GA;Huber CG;Lang UE;Radue EW;Walter M;Borgwardt S
通讯作者:
Borgwardt S
影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Bosker WM;Karschner EL;Lee D;Goodwin RS;Hirvonen J;Innis RB;Theunissen EL;Kuypers KP;Huestis MA;Ramaekers JG
通讯作者:
Ramaekers JG
影响因子:
4.3
作者:
Fabritius, Marie;Chtioui, Haithem;Giroud, Christian
通讯作者:
Giroud, Christian
影响因子:
15.8
作者:
Degenhardt, Louisa;Chiu, Wai-Tat;Sampson, Nancy;Kessler, Ronald C.;Anthony, James C.;Angermeyer, Matthias;Bruffaerts, Ronny;de Girolamo, Giovanni;Gureje, Oye;Huang, Yueqin;Karam, Aimee;Kostyuchenko, Stanislav;Lepine, Jean Pierre;Mora, Maria Elena Medina;Neumark, Yehuda;Ormel, J. Hans;Pinto-Meza, Alejandra;Posada-Villa, Jose;Stein, Dan J.;Takeshima, Tadashi;Wells, J. Elisabeth
通讯作者:
Wells, J. Elisabeth