Assessing the Evidence Supporting Fruit Bats as the Primary Reservoirs for Ebola Viruses.
Assessing the Evidence Supporting Fruit Bats as the Primary Reservoirs for Ebola Viruses.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10393-015-1053-0
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Leendertz FH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leendertz SA;Gogarten JF;Düx A;Calvignac-Spencer S;Leendertz FH
自40年前发现埃博拉病毒以来，埃博拉病毒（以下为：EBOV；丝状病毒科，埃博拉病毒属）继续不可预测地出现，并在热带非洲的人类和易感动物中引起埃博拉病毒病（Leroy et al. 2004; Feldmann and Geisbert 2011）。西非当前疫情的规模表明了单一溢出事件可能产生的影响（Baize et al. 2014; giire et al. 2014）。同时，EBOV的宿主和生态在很大程度上仍然未知（Groseth et al. 2007; Feldmann and Geisbert 2011），这阻碍了对未来疫情的预测。迄今为止，实验室确认的人类埃博拉病毒病暴发的唯一来源是受感染的类人猿和小猴（Leroy等人，2004年）。然而，这些物种不太可能是宿主，因为高死亡率排除了不确定的感染链（Leroy et al. 2004; Bermejo et al. 2006; Wittmann et al. 2007）。因此，科学家们正在寻找埃博拉病毒在没有重大负面影响的情况下传播的其他宿主；果蝠受到的研究关注最多，经常被认为是非洲埃博拉病毒的宿主（美国疾病控制和预防中心2014年b； O’shea等人2014年；世界卫生组织2014年）。我们回顾了目前的证据，并强调果蝠可能不是主要或唯一的宿主。我们讨论了涉及食虫蝙蝠的证据，并重申蝙蝠本身可能不是埃博拉病毒的最终宿主。了解哪些物种受到影响，将有助于了解影响易感人类和野生动物种群的因素（Viana et al. 2014; Plowright et al. 2015）。
Since their discovery 40 years ago, Ebola viruses (in the following: EBOV; family Filoviridae, genus Ebolavirus) continue to emerge unpredictably and cause Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans and susceptible animals in tropical Africa (Leroy et al. 2004; Feldmann and Geisbert 2011). The scale of the current epidemic in West Africa demonstrates the impact that a single spillover event can have (Baize et al. 2014; Gire et al. 2014). Meanwhile, the reservoir (s) and ecology of EBOV remain largely unknown (Groseth et al. 2007; Feldmann and Geisbert 2011), hampering prediction of future outbreaks. To date, the only laboratory-confirmed sources of human EVD outbreaks were infected great apes and duikers (Leroy et al. 2004). However, these species are unlikely reservoirs as high mortality rates rule out an indefinite infection chain (Leroy et al. 2004; Bermejo et al. 2006; Wittmann et al. 2007). Scientists are therefore searching for other hosts where EBOV circulate without major negative effects; fruit bats have received the most research attention and are frequently referred to as the reservoir for African EBOV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014b; O’Shea et al. 2014; World Health Organization 2014). We review current evidence and highlight that fruit bats may not represent the main, or the sole, reservoir. We discuss evidence implicating insectivorous bats and reiterate that bats themselves might not be the ultimate reservoir for EBOV. Knowing which species are involved will facilitate an understanding of factors allowing spillover to susceptible human and wildlife populations (Viana et al. 2014; Plowright et al. 2015).
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1259657
发表时间：
2014-09-12
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gire SK;Goba A;Andersen KG;Sealfon RS;Park DJ;Kanneh L;Jalloh S;Momoh M;Fullah M;Dudas G;Wohl S;Moses LM;Yozwiak NL;Winnicki S;Matranga CB;Malboeuf CM;Qu J;Gladden AD;Schaffner SF;Yang X;Jiang PP;Nekoui M;Colubri A;Coomber MR;Fonnie M;Moigboi A;Gbakie M;Kamara FK;Tucker V;Konuwa E;Saffa S;Sellu J;Jalloh AA;Kovoma A;Koninga J;Mustapha I;Kargbo K;Foday M;Yillah M;Kanneh F;Robert W;Massally JL;Chapman SB;Bochicchio J;Murphy C;Nusbaum C;Young S;Birren BW;Grant DS;Scheiffelin JS;Lander ES;Happi C;Gevao SM;Gnirke A;Rambaut A;Garry RF;Khan SH;Sabeti PC
通讯作者：
Sabeti PC
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Baize, Sylvain;Pannetier, Delphine;Guenther, Stephan
通讯作者：
Guenther, Stephan
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Leroy, EM;Rouquet, P;Rollin, PE
通讯作者：
Rollin, PE
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bermejo, Magdalena;Rodriguez-Teijeiro, Jose Domingo;Walsh, Peter D.
通讯作者：
Walsh, Peter D.
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Feldmann, Heinz;Geisbert, Thomas W.
通讯作者：
Geisbert, Thomas W.