A Laminar Organization for Selective Cortico-Cortical Communication.

A Laminar Organization for Selective Cortico-Cortical Communication.
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选择性皮质皮质传播的层流组织。

DOI:
10.3389/fnana.2017.00071
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Burkhalter A
Burkhalter A
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
D'Souza RD;Burkhalter A

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新皮层是哺乳动物认知能力的中心,在感觉知觉、运动技能和执行功能中起着关键作用。这种薄的分层结构包括不同的、功能专门化的区域,这些区域通过锥体神经元的轴突彼此通信。对于数百个这样的皮质-皮质通路,以支持不同的功能,它们的细胞和突触结构必须不同,以便它们在目标投射神经元上产生不同的计算。这些途径在哪些方面不同?通过起源和终止于不同的层,并通过选择性地靶向兴奋性和抑制性神经元的特定群体,这些“区域间”通路可以差异化地控制突触输入到单个神经元上的时间和强度,从而导致层特异性计算。由于转基因技术的快速发展,小鼠已经成为理解皮层回路组织和功能规则的强大哺乳动物模型。在这里,我们回顾了我们的理解皮层分层如何约束长距离通信在哺乳动物的大脑,重点是小鼠视觉皮层网络。我们讨论了层架构的interareal通信,组织兴奋和抑制行动的平衡的新皮层层的作用,并强调在小鼠视觉皮层第1层的结构和功能。
The neocortex is central to mammalian cognitive ability, playing critical roles in sensory perception, motor skills and executive function. This thin, layered structure comprises distinct, functionally specialized areas that communicate with each other through the axons of pyramidal neurons. For the hundreds of such cortico-cortical pathways to underlie diverse functions, their cellular and synaptic architectures must differ so that they result in distinct computations at the target projection neurons. In what ways do these pathways differ? By originating and terminating in different laminae, and by selectively targeting specific populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, these “interareal” pathways can differentially control the timing and strength of synaptic inputs onto individual neurons, resulting in layer-specific computations. Due to the rapid development in transgenic techniques, the mouse has emerged as a powerful mammalian model for understanding the rules by which cortical circuits organize and function. Here we review our understanding of how cortical lamination constrains long-range communication in the mammalian brain, with an emphasis on the mouse visual cortical network. We discuss the laminar architecture underlying interareal communication, the role of neocortical layers in organizing the balance of excitatory and inhibitory actions, and highlight the structure and function of layer 1 in mouse visual cortex.
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