Cyclic and sleep-like spontaneous alternations of brain state under urethane anaesthesia.
Cyclic and sleep-like spontaneous alternations of brain state under urethane anaesthesia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0002004
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发表时间：
2008-04-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dickson CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clement EA;Richard A;Thwaites M;Ailon J;Peters S;Dickson CT
虽然在睡眠和全身麻醉期间行为无意识的诱导涉及重叠的大脑机制，但睡眠涉及不同大脑状态之间的循环波动，即活跃（矛盾或快速眼动：REM）和安静（慢波或非快速眼动：nREM）阶段，而通常使用的全身麻醉诱导的是单一的慢波大脑状态。对脲麻醉大鼠进行长时间、多部位前脑场记录。观察到脑状态在激活和失活脑电图（EEG）模式之间的自发和节律性交替。个体状态及其转变在脑电图成分、演变和时间框架（~ 11分钟周期）上与自然睡眠的REM/nREM周期相似。其他生理变量，如肌肉张力、呼吸频率和心跳频率也以与睡眠相同的方式与前脑状态共同变化。在氨基甲酸乙酯作用下，大脑状态变化的机制与自然睡眠的机制在对胆碱能药物的敏感性和对前脑基底核（前脑乙酰胆碱的主要来源）活动的依赖性方面也有密切的重叠。最后，对脑干区域的刺激被认为是睡眠中状态变化的节奏，在氨基甲酸乙酯的作用下，会短暂地扰乱状态变化。我们的研究结果表明，聚氨酯促进了一种行为无意识的状态，这种状态与自然睡眠的全谱非常相似。使用聚氨酯麻醉作为模型系统将促进对睡眠样大脑状态及其变化的机制研究。此外，它还可以被用作发现新的分子靶点的工具，这些靶点旨在促进睡眠，而不影响状态的改变。
Although the induction of behavioural unconsciousness during sleep and general anaesthesia has been shown to involve overlapping brain mechanisms, sleep involves cyclic fluctuations between different brain states known as active (paradoxical or rapid eye movement: REM) and quiet (slow-wave or non-REM: nREM) stages whereas commonly used general anaesthetics induce a unitary slow-wave brain state. Long-duration, multi-site forebrain field recordings were performed in urethane-anaesthetized rats. A spontaneous and rhythmic alternation of brain state between activated and deactivated electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns was observed. Individual states and their transitions resembled the REM/nREM cycle of natural sleep in their EEG components, evolution, and time frame (∼11 minute period). Other physiological variables such as muscular tone, respiration rate, and cardiac frequency also covaried with forebrain state in a manner identical to sleep. The brain mechanisms of state alternations under urethane also closely overlapped those of natural sleep in their sensitivity to cholinergic pharmacological agents and dependence upon activity in the basal forebrain nuclei that are the major source of forebrain acetylcholine. Lastly, stimulation of brainstem regions thought to pace state alternations in sleep transiently disrupted state alternations under urethane. Our results suggest that urethane promotes a condition of behavioural unconsciousness that closely mimics the full spectrum of natural sleep. The use of urethane anaesthesia as a model system will facilitate mechanistic studies into sleep-like brain states and their alternations. In addition, it could also be exploited as a tool for the discovery of new molecular targets that are designed to promote sleep without compromising state alternations.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
GRAHN, DA;RADEKE, CM;HELLER, HC
通讯作者：
HELLER, HC
DOI：
10.1016/s0034-5687(98)00018-8
发表时间：
1998-04-01
期刊：
RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hunter, JD;Milson, WK
通讯作者：
Milson, WK
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Hara, K;Harris, RA
通讯作者：
Harris, RA
DOI：
10.1007/bf00401345
发表时间：
1968-01-01
期刊：
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA
影响因子：
--
作者：
BUENO, JR;PSCHEIDT, GR;HIMWICH, HE
通讯作者：
HIMWICH, HE
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0408089101
发表时间：
2004-12-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lee, J;Kim, D;Shin, HS
通讯作者：
Shin, HS