CHANGE AND VARIATION IN U.S. COUPLES' EARNINGS EQUALITY FOLLOWING PARENTHOOD.
CHANGE AND VARIATION IN U.S. COUPLES' EARNINGS EQUALITY FOLLOWING PARENTHOOD.
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DOI：
10.1111/padr.12481
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schwartz C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Musick K;Gonalons-Pons P;Schwartz C
在性别平等和社会经济差距沿着家庭生活多个层面的广泛增长的背景下，我们研究了父母身份后家庭内部收入平等的变化，以及教育对这些变化的影响程度。我们的分析依赖于富人调查和行政税务记录之间的联系，这些记录为丈夫和妻子提供了高质量的收入数据，这些数据涵盖了20世纪80年代至21世纪初美国第一次生育前两年和第一次生育后10年（收入和计划参与调查合成Beta文件; N= 21，300对夫妇和194，100对夫妇年）。考虑到随时间变化的夫妇特征以及年龄和年龄的固定效应，我们发现，妻子在夫妇总收入中所占的份额在生育后大幅下降，并在观察窗口内保持较低水平。家庭内收入平等的队列变化不大，集中在最早的父母队列中，数据几乎没有提供教育差异变化的证据。无论受教育程度和年龄如何，妻子在经济上对丈夫的依赖程度在生育后大大增加。这些发现对女性的脆弱性有影响，特别是在美国，离婚仍然很普遍，公众对家庭的支持很弱。
In the context of broad increases in gender equality and growing socioeconomic disparities along multiple dimensions of family life, we examine changes in within-family earnings equality following parenthood and the extent to which they have played out differently by education. Our analysis relies on links between rich surveys and administrative tax records that provide high quality earnings data for husbands and wives spanning two years before and up to 10 years following first births from the 1980s to the 2000s in the United States (Survey of Income and Program Participation Synthetic Beta files; N=21,300 couples and 194,100 couple-years). Accounting for time-invariant couple characteristics and year and age fixed effects, we find that wives’ share of total couple earnings declines substantially after parenthood and remains lower over the observation window. Cohort changes in within-family earnings equality are modest and concentrated among the earliest cohort of parents, and data provide little evidence of differential change by education. Wives’ financial dependence on their husbands increases substantially after parenthood, irrespective of education and cohort. These findings have implications for women’s vulnerability, particularly in the U.S. where divorce remains common and public support for families is weak.
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