How sensory-motor systems impact the neural organization for language: direct contrasts between spoken and signed language.
How sensory-motor systems impact the neural organization for language: direct contrasts between spoken and signed language.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00484
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Grabowski TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emmorey K;McCullough S;Mehta S;Grabowski TJ
为了研究感觉运动系统对语言神经组织的影响，我们对符号和口语生产（图片命名）的H215O-PET研究以及对符号和视听语言学理解的fMRI研究（检测语义上的句子），听到双语者是美国手语（ASL）和英语的本地用户。直接对比的语音和符号产生显示双侧顶叶皮层的激活更大，而说话导致双侧颞上皮皮层（STC）和右额叶皮层的激活更大，可能反映了听觉反馈控制。令人惊讶的是，语言产量的对比表明，双侧枕皮层的激活相对增加。我们推测，在签名时，在视觉皮层中进行更大的激活实际上可能反映了皮质衰减，这起作用可将自我生产与外部生成的视觉输入区分开。直接对比的语音和符号理解表明，双侧STC的激活更大，用于刻度的双侧枕骨皮层中的激活和更大的激活。标志理解，例如标志生产，比口语更大程度地聘请双侧顶叶皮层。我们假设后顶壁激活部分反映了与ASL中的空间分类器构建体相关的处理，并且前顶壁激活可能反映出秘密模仿，该模仿在符号理解过程中起到了预测模型的作用。理解的结合分析表明，语音和符号双侧都与下额回（左侧更广泛的激活）和上颞沟互动，这表明是一个不变的双侧Perisylvian语言系统。我们得出的结论是，符号和口语之间的表面水平差异不应被忽略，对于理解语言的神经生物学至关重要。
To investigate the impact of sensory-motor systems on the neural organization for language, we conducted an H215O-PET study of sign and spoken word production (picture-naming) and an fMRI study of sign and audio-visual spoken language comprehension (detection of a semantically anomalous sentence) with hearing bilinguals who are native users of American Sign Language (ASL) and English. Directly contrasting speech and sign production revealed greater activation in bilateral parietal cortex for signing, while speaking resulted in greater activation in bilateral superior temporal cortex (STC) and right frontal cortex, likely reflecting auditory feedback control. Surprisingly, the language production contrast revealed a relative increase in activation in bilateral occipital cortex for speaking. We speculate that greater activation in visual cortex for speaking may actually reflect cortical attenuation when signing, which functions to distinguish self-produced from externally generated visual input. Directly contrasting speech and sign comprehension revealed greater activation in bilateral STC for speech and greater activation in bilateral occipital-temporal cortex for sign. Sign comprehension, like sign production, engaged bilateral parietal cortex to a greater extent than spoken language. We hypothesize that posterior parietal activation in part reflects processing related to spatial classifier constructions in ASL and that anterior parietal activation may reflect covert imitation that functions as a predictive model during sign comprehension. The conjunction analysis for comprehension revealed that both speech and sign bilaterally engaged the inferior frontal gyrus (with more extensive activation on the left) and the superior temporal sulcus, suggesting an invariant bilateral perisylvian language system. We conclude that surface level differences between sign and spoken languages should not be dismissed and are critical for understanding the neurobiology of language.
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