Cranial osteogenesis and suture morphology in Xenopus laevis: a unique model system for studying craniofacial development.
Cranial osteogenesis and suture morphology in Xenopus laevis: a unique model system for studying craniofacial development.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0003914
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Longaker, Michael T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Slater, Bethany J.;Liu, Karen J.;Kwan, Matthew D.;Quarto, Natalina;Longaker, Michael T.
脊椎动物头骨结构的巨大多样性说明了不同遗传程序产生的形式和功能的范围。了解这种变异的分子基础可能会为我们提供对人类颅面畸形潜在机制的洞察。在这项研究中，我们提供的证据表明，非洲爪哇可以发展为一种简化的模型系统，用于研究颅骨骨化和缝合模式。非洲爪哇的头部结构在变态过程中经历了戏剧性的重塑；因此，蝌蚪的形态与成年的骨头骨有很大的不同。由于非洲爪哇幼虫期延长，这些变化的分子基础还没有得到很好的研究。我们研究了完整和切片动物的晚期幼虫、变态和变态后的FRoglet阶段。应用显微计算机断层扫描(μCT)和额顶骨及周围软骨的组织染色，我们观察到骨形成是从外侧骨化中心开始的，从后到前。组织学分析显示中线邻接和后方重叠缝合。为了确定大规模颅骨改变的机制，我们检测了颅顶重塑过程中的增殖、凋亡和蛋白水解酶活性。我们发现，变态过程中的组织周转可以通过丰富的基质金属蛋白酶活性来解释，至少部分是由基质金属蛋白酶-1和-13来解释的。更好地了解非洲爪哇在变态过程中从软骨头结构到骨头骨的戏剧性转变，可能会为其他系统的组织重塑和再生提供见解。我们的研究为这一过程提供了一些新的分子见解。
The tremendous diversity in vertebrate skull formation illustrates the range of forms and functions generated by varying genetic programs. Understanding the molecular basis for this variety may provide us with insights into mechanisms underlying human craniofacial anomalies. In this study, we provide evidence that the anuran Xenopus laevis can be developed as a simplified model system for the study of cranial ossification and suture patterning. The head structures of Xenopus undergo dramatic remodelling during metamorphosis; as a result, tadpole morphology differs greatly from the adult bony skull. Because of the extended larval period in Xenopus, the molecular basis of these alterations has not been well studied. We examined late larval, metamorphosing, and post-metamorphosis froglet stages in intact and sectioned animals. Using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and tissue staining of the frontoparietal bone and surrounding cartilage, we observed that bone formation initiates from lateral ossification centers, proceeding from posterior-to-anterior. Histological analyses revealed midline abutting and posterior overlapping sutures. To determine the mechanisms underlying the large-scale cranial changes, we examined proliferation, apoptosis, and proteinase activity during remodelling of the skull roof. We found that tissue turnover during metamorphosis could be accounted for by abundant matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, at least in part by MMP-1 and -13. A better understanding of the dramatic transformation from cartilaginous head structures to bony skull during Xenopus metamorphosis may provide insights into tissue remodelling and regeneration in other systems. Our studies provide some new molecular insights into this process.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
通讯作者：
--
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.48.6.1014
发表时间：
1962-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GROSS, J;LAPIERE, CM
通讯作者：
LAPIERE, CM
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Gross, Joshua B.;Hanken, James;Marsh-Armstrong, Nicholas
通讯作者：
Marsh-Armstrong, Nicholas
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Harrison, M;Abu-Elmagd, M;Wheeler, GN
通讯作者：
Wheeler, GN
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Hasebe, T;Hartman, R;Shi, YB
通讯作者：
Shi, YB