Sound Out the Deep Colors: Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging at New Depths.

Sound Out the Deep Colors: Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging at New Depths.
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DOI:
10.1177/1536012120981518
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发表时间:
2020-01
期刊:
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Yao J
Yao J
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li M;Nyayapathi N;Kilian HI;Xia J;Lovell JF;Yao J

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由于其独特的光吸收对比度,高空间分辨率,深度成像深度和高成像速度,因此光声断层扫描(PAT)在分子成像中变得越来越流行。然而,传统上,强大的光学衰减已经阻止PAT穿透超过几厘米,并限制了其用于研究深处目标的应用。已经开发了各种PAT技术来扩展成像深度,包括采用深渗透微波和X射线光子作为激发源,将光线输送到器官的内部,将光线波变形以更好地聚焦到散射介质中,并提高超声传输的灵敏度。同时,已经开发出新的光学通畅映射算法和图像重建方法来提高PAT的定量准确性,这对于在较大的深度下恢复弱分子信号至关重要。高度吸收的近红外PA分子探针的发展也蓬勃发展,以在研究细胞过程中提供高灵敏度和特异性。这篇综述旨在介绍深色分子成像的最新发展,包括新型成像系统,图像处理方法和分子探针及其代表性的生物医学应用。还讨论了现有的挑战和未来的方向。
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become increasingly popular for molecular imaging due to its unique optical absorption contrast, high spatial resolution, deep imaging depth, and high imaging speed. Yet, the strong optical attenuation of biological tissues has traditionally prevented PAT from penetrating more than a few centimeters and limited its application for studying deeply seated targets. A variety of PAT technologies have been developed to extend the imaging depth, including employing deep-penetrating microwaves and X-ray photons as excitation sources, delivering the light to the inside of the organ, reshaping the light wavefront to better focus into scattering medium, as well as improving the sensitivity of ultrasonic transducers. At the same time, novel optical fluence mapping algorithms and image reconstruction methods have been developed to improve the quantitative accuracy of PAT, which is crucial to recover weak molecular signals at larger depths. The development of highly-absorbing near-infrared PA molecular probes has also flourished to provide high sensitivity and specificity in studying cellular processes. This review aims to introduce the recent developments in deep PA molecular imaging, including novel imaging systems, image processing methods and molecular probes, as well as their representative biomedical applications. Existing challenges and future directions are also discussed.
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