Control of zygotic genome activation in Xenopus.

Control of zygotic genome activation in Xenopus.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.03.003
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cho, Ken W. Y.
Cho, Ken W. Y.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blitz, Ira L.;Cho, Ken W. Y.

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受精的青蛙卵含有启动新生物体发育所需的所有物质,包括储存的RNA和卵子发生期间沉积的蛋白质,因此最早的发育阶段不需要转录。受精卵基因组转录的开始标志着第一个启动基因调控网络的遗传开关,该网络对胚胎发育进行编程。合子基因组的激活发生在转录静止的初始阶段之后,这一阶段一直持续到中期囊胚阶段,这一时期被称为中期囊胚期,这一阶段首先在非洲爪哇被发现。转录的激活是由母体提供的因子编程的,并在多个水平上进行调节。类似的开关存在于大多数动物中,对发育生物学家和那些对了解核重新编程感兴趣的人都非常感兴趣。在这里,我们详细回顾了我们对非洲爪哇转录中这一主要开关的了解,并将最近的发现放在一个几十年前的问题的背景下。
The fertilized frog egg contains all the materials needed to initiate development of a new organism, including stored RNAs and proteins deposited during oogenesis, thus the earliest stages of development do not require transcription. The onset of transcription from the zygotic genome marks the first genetic switch activating the gene regulatory network that programs embryonic development. Zygotic genome activation occurs after an initial phase of transcriptional quiescence that continues until the midblastula stage, a period called the midblastula transition, which was first identified in Xenopus. Activation of transcription is programmed by maternally supplied factors and is regulated at multiple levels. A similar switch exists in most animals and is of great interest both to developmental biologists and to those interested in understanding nuclear reprogramming. Here we review in detail our knowledge on this major switch in transcription in Xenopus and place recent discoveries in the context of a decades old problem.
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