The mismeasure of ape social cognition.
The mismeasure of ape social cognition.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-017-1119-1
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发表时间：
2019-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hopkins WD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leavens DA;Bard KA;Hopkins WD
在他的经典分析中，古尔德（The mismeasure of man, WW Norton, New York）通过强调(a)智力对环境输入的敏感性，(b)不同人类群体的不相称的测试前准备，以及(c)在许多情况下测试环境的不充分，驳斥了智力是不同人类群体固有的遗传特征的观点。根据古尔德的说法，这些疏忽的根本原因是心理测量学家的确认偏差，他们毫无根据地认为智力是人的一种固定不变的品质。基于类似的系统性解释偏见，在过去的二十年里，许多当代比较心理学研究者声称人类在社会智力上优于猿类，这是基于后工业时代西欧人和圈养猿类之间的两组比较，圈养猿类与欧洲的社会互动方式隔离开来，并采用完全不同的程序进行测试。此外，人类与猿类的直接比较在论证中普遍存在失误：当代广泛使用的研究设计本质上对公开行为的潜在心理原因保持沉默。在此，我们对这些问题进行了分析，并为社会智力的比较研究提供了一种更有效的方法，即关注特定生态环境下的特定个体学习历史。
In his classic analysis, Gould (The mismeasure of man, WW Norton, New York,) demolished the idea that intelligence was an inherent, genetic trait of different human groups by emphasizing, among other things, (a) its sensitivity to environmental input, (b) the incommensurate pre-test preparation of different human groups, and (c) the inadequacy of the testing contexts, in many cases. According to Gould, the root cause of these oversights was confirmation bias by psychometricians, an unwarranted commitment to the idea that intelligence was a fixed, immutable quality of people. By virtue of a similar, systemic interpretive bias, in the last two decades, numerous contemporary researchers in comparative psychology have claimed human superiority over apes in social intelligence, based on two-group comparisons between postindustrial, Western Europeans and captive apes, where the apes have been isolated from European styles of social interaction, and tested with radically different procedures. Moreover, direct comparisons of humans with apes suffer from pervasive lapses in argumentation: Research designs in wide contemporary use are inherently mute about the underlying psychological causes of overt behavior. Here we analyze these problems and offer a more fruitful approach to the comparative study of social intelligence, which focuses on specific individual learning histories in specific ecological circumstances.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bard, Kim A.;Bakeman, Roger;Leavens, David A.
通讯作者：
Leavens, David A.
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030223
发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY, VOL 43
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bard, Kim A.;Leavens, David A.
通讯作者：
Leavens, David A.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Bourjade, Marie;Canteloup, Charlotte;Gaunet, Florence
通讯作者：
Gaunet, Florence
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Call, J;Tomasello, M
通讯作者：
Tomasello, M
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Bohn, Manuel;Call, Josep;Tomasello, Michael
通讯作者：
Tomasello, Michael